生态旅游视域下的岷江上游贫困山区生态安全评价

目的]构建科学合理的评价指标体系,准确评价生态旅游影响下的区域生态安全状况,是推动少数民族山区实现旅游资源环境与区域社会、经济协同发展的前提和基础。方法]以岷江上游贫困山区为例,应用灰色系统理论与熵值赋权法相结合,基于压力—状态—响应模型,构建生态旅游视域下的区域生态安全评估指标体系,并将评估指数与经济收入状况及贫困人口分布进行空间耦合。结果](1)区域当前处于较安全水平,生态旅游开发适度;(2)综合评估指数与城镇居民可支配收入增长率、旅游收入对国民经济增长的贡献率呈正相关,且城镇居民在旅游开发中受益与机会较农牧民多;(3)综合评估指数与贫困人口比重呈负相关,与农牧民纯收入增长率没有必然联系。结论]区域脱贫能够改善当地的生态安全状况,适度生态旅游开发是区域脱贫的有效手段,但应注重扶持农牧民在旅游业中的参与度,增加其旅游收益。

ECO-SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF MINORITY POOR AREAS IN UPPER REACHES OF MIN RIVER FROM ECO-TOURISM STANDPOINT VIEW

Establishing a scientific and appropriate index system to accurately assess the ecological security of ecotourism-impacted ethnic mountainous regions was the premise and foundation for coordinated development of tourist resources and environment, local society and ethnic regions. Based on the pressure-state-response model, combing the grey system theory with entropy method, this paper constructed the eco-security assessment index system in the upper reaches of Min River from eco-tourism standpoint view. And then it analyzed the spatial coupling of ecological security comprehensive index with the economic income and the poor conditions. The results showed that: (1) the regional ecological tourism development level was appropriate; (2) the ecological security comprehensive index of counties was positive correlation with the tourism income to the national economy growth rate and urban residents'' disposable income growth rate. the benefits and opportunities of urban residents in tourism development were more than that of farmers;(3) the comprehensive index of ecological security had negative correlation with the proportion of poverty population, and no relationship with the growth rate of net income of farmers and herdsmen. It concluded that the poverty alleviation project can improve the local eco-security, and the moderate eco-tourism development was an effective method for regional poverty to get rid of poverty, but it needed pay more attention to support the participation of farmers and herdsmen in the tourism industry.