榆林市黄土丘陵沟壑区农业节水潜力分析

目的]通过对榆林市黄土丘陵沟壑区农业节水的潜力计算分析,旨在为该地区的农业节水提供定量参考,从而推动该地区农业可持续发展。方法]釆用Penman Monteith公式,从计算农作物的需水量出发,选取相关计算模型对榆林市黄土丘陵沟壑地区的农业灌溉用水进行估算,从而分析该地区近、远期时间的农业节水潜力,为该地区农业节水的发展提供指导建议。结果]该地区农作物种植主要以杂粮、玉米、大豆、薯类、油料、蔬菜等为主。其中,大豆、玉米、油料等农作物需水量较大,薯类、蔬菜等农作物需水量则相对较小,通过合理优化作物种植结构可一定程度上减少农业灌溉用水;该地区的农业灌溉系数相对较低,可通过对现有灌区进行改造、配套相关灌溉设施、提高节水灌溉技术等措施来提高灌溉水利用系数;通过采取有效措施,大力发展节水灌溉,该区域的近、远期理论农业节水潜力可分别达到0. 31亿m~3及0. 8亿m~3。结论]该区域未来农业节水潜力巨大,积极有效地开展农业节水,对克服当地农业水资源短缺,推动当地农业的稳定发展起着积极的作用。

ANALYSIS ON AGRICULTURAL WATER SAVING POTENTIAL IN LOESS HILLY GULLY DISTRICT OF YULIN

This research is intended to calculate and analyze agricultural water saving potential in loess hilly gully district of Yulin city, so as to provide quantitative reference for agricultural water saving and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in this district. Based on the crop water requirement, which can be calculated from the Penman Monteith formula, it analyzed the agricultural water saving potential in short and long terms in loess hilly gully district of Yulin by the related calculation model. The results show that coarse cereal, corn, soybean, potato, oil plant and vegetables are mainly planted in this area, among which the soybean, corn, and oil plant need more water to grow, while, the potato, and vegetables need less water. The water consumption could be reduced through optimizing the crop structure. The utilization coefficient of irrigation water is relatively low, which can be increased by the transformation of present irrigation area, supplement of the irrigation supporting facility, and improving the irrigation technique. The agricultural water saving potential can reach 0.052 billion m3 and 0.101 billion m3 in short and long terms, respectively. Therefore, the agricultural water saving potential in loess hilly gully district of Yulin is great. The implement of agricultural water saving can promote the efficient utilization of the water resource, the guarantee of the food safety, the sustainable development of the agriculture and rural economy in this district.