关键驱动力作用下的新疆生态系统服务时空格局分析

目的]恶劣的生态环境和有限的资源驱动着新疆特殊生态系统服务的形成,人类又通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足和提高自身福祉,需要研究其时空变化并辨识主要驱动因素,支持区域可持续发展。方法]文章构建了融合不同土地利用类型生态系统服务的价值量排序及服务功能强度矩阵的生态系统服务评估体系,并耦合3种关键驱动因子以评估各个因子的驱动强度,实现对生态系统服务热点与冷点变化的驱动及迁移分析。结果]2000—2010年全疆生态系统服务总体增加,这一时期生态系统服务的热点区大部分转变为2010—2015年的冷点区,且15年来生态系统服务总体呈现小幅下降趋势。3个时期北疆和南疆人为干扰强度均呈增加趋势,由其驱动的生态系统服务则相应减小;南疆地区植被覆盖范围极其有限,故对生态系统服务驱动强度低;降水在北疆和南疆都能够产生高生态系统服务,但降水量的不稳定性能够使生态系统服务产生较大波动。相比于南疆地区,北疆生态系统在外界干扰下能够体现出更强的抗性和整体性,从而实现相对高效的生态系统服务输出。结论]对关键驱动因子作用下的生态系统服务进行时空变化分析,有助于理解当地生态系统产生变化的原因,从而为当地生态环境保护提供参考。

SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN AND HOTSPOTS MIGRATION UNDER CORE DRIVING FORCE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF XINJIANG PROVINCE

The harsh environment and the limited resources seriously drive the specific formation of ecosystem services of Xinjiang province, and people satisfy their will being through consumption ecosystem services. Therefore, analyzing main driving factors of formation and changing of ecosystem services that can support sustainable development in this region. In this research, the ecosystem services evaluation system which combined value ranking and ecosystem services function intensity matrix was constructed. Combing three key drive factors coupling, driving intensity of each factor was assessed, and then completed driving and migration analysis of hot and cold spots of ecosystem services. The results showed that the ecosystem services increased from 2000 to 2010. However, the hotspots during this period were mostly transformed into cold spots during 2010-2015, while the whole ecosystem service benefits showed a slight decline in the past 15 years. Because of urbanization process, the layout of construction area tended to be more compact. The human disturbance indexes of three periods were increasing in both northern and southern Xinjiang Province, thus the ecosystem services driving by human disturbance index were all decreasing. The driving intensity of vegetation coverage was low in south Xinjiang province due to the extremely limit. Precipitation accounted for high contribution of total ecosystem services, but it can also make the service efficiency fluctuate greatly. Compared with the southern Xinjiang, the northern Xinjiang region ecosystem showed stronger resistance and integrity under external interference, so as to achieve relatively high efficient output of ecosystem services. The spatio temporal change analysis of ecosystem service under the effect of key driving factors is helpful to understand the cause of local ecological environment changes and guide for local ecological environment.