“美丽乡村”视角下河南省乡村聚落空间优化研究

目的]在国家高度重视建设"美丽乡村"的背景下,加强乡村聚落空间分布格局及优化研究,对指导新农村建设,实现农村居住地的集约化管理,改善农村现有生态环境,促进城乡协调发展具有重要意义。方法]文章运用平均最邻近比率、平均分布密度和乡村聚落平均人数描述河南省乡村聚落分布特征,并采用Arcgis10. 2绘制乡村聚落平均分布密度图,从县域和市域尺度分析了乡村聚落的空间分布特征,指明该省乡村聚落发展中存在的问题,并提出了合理性的优化建议。结果](1)河南省乡村聚落整体呈集聚分布,从空间位置来看,都集中在东北部地区。(2)乡村聚落县域分布密度差距较大,主要表现在中东部地区和东北部地区平均分布密度较大,呈沿交通要道周围分布,东南和西北地区平均分布密度较低。(3)各市级行政单位乡村聚落分布区域差异比较明显,洛阳市、驻马店市、南阳市、信阳市和三门峡市的聚落密度较小,均低于全省乡村聚落平均密度。漯河市、三门峡市、濮阳市和济源市的行政村均人数不足800人。结论]针对小规模聚落的零散分布和偏远贫困区域乡村聚落的边缘化等问题,今后该省可重点建设中心村,以城带乡发展城边村,同时加大对边缘聚落的改造,结合当地文化优势,发展乡村旅游,提高当地居民进行自我建设的积极性。

RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZATIOPN OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS SPACE IN HENAN PROVINCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF "BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY"

Under the background that the country attaches great importance to the construction of "beautiful villages", this research on the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements and optimization of rural settlement have been strengthened, so as to provide reference for the construction of new countryside, achieving intensive management of rural residences, improving the existing ecological environment in rural areas, and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Taking the average nearest ratio, the average distribution density and the average number of rural settlements, this research described the distribution of rural settlements in Henan province. Moreover, it plotted the average distribution density of rural settlements by using Arcgis10.2, and by analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements, it indicated the problems in the development of rural settlements in Henan province and put forward reasonable suggestions. The rural settlements in Henan province are agglomerated and concentrated. From the perspective of space, they are concentrated in the northeastern region. The disparity in the distribution density of rural settlements is relatively large. It is mainly manifested in the middle and eastern regions and the northeastern regions where the average distribution density is relatively large. It is distributed along major traffic routes, and the average distribution density is lower in the southeast and northwest regions. The differences in the distribution of rural settlements in respective municipal administrative units are obvious, and the settlement density of Luoyang, Zhumadian, Nanyang, Xinyang, and Sanmenxia is relatively small, which is lower than the average density of rural settlements in the province. The administrative villages of Luohe, Sanmenxia, Xiangyang, and Jiyuan are all less than 800. In terms of the scattered distribution of small scale settlements and the marginalization of rural settlements in remote and impoverished regions, the government should focus on building central villages in the future, developing urban side villages with urban townships, increasing the transformation of marginal settlements, and combining local cultural advantages to develop rural tourism and increase the enthusiasm of local residents for self construction.