农村集体产权结构开放性的历史演变与未来走向

目的]改革开放40年来,为适应人口流动性提高、改进资源配置的需要,农村各类集体资产的产权结构发生了较大变化,但变化的方向和程度并不一致。面向未来,为促进乡村振兴,应重构农用地、集体经营性建设用地和集体非土地经营性资产等农村集体产权的权利结构,允许部分权能跨村流转和配置,提高乡村资源配置效率。方法]在系统梳理文献、借鉴地方实践经验的基础上,阐述了农用地产权结构、集体经营性建设用地产权结构、集体非土地经营性资产产权结构开放性的历史演变与未来走向。结果]随着农户的逐步分化,应以促进流转集中、扩大经营规模为目标,进一步扩大农用地产权结构的开放性;随着城乡统一的建设用地市场的发展,应以提高配置效率为目标,进一步扩大集体经营性建设用地产权结构的开放性;随着集体经济组织成员收入的多元化,应逐步扩大集体非土地经营性资产产权结构的开放性。结论]必须在坚持农村集体所有制的前提下,逐步重构农村集体产权的权利结构,让稀缺的农用地不因集体经济组织成员的进城而荒芜,让进村创业和生活的非本集体经济组织成员能够获得必要的土地要素和居住空间,让村庄和集体资产治理结构能够更有效率。

THE HISTORY EVOLUTION AND FUTURE TREND OF THE OPENNESS OF RURAL COLLECTIVE PROPERTY RIGHTS STRUCTURE

Over the past 40 years, in order to meet the needs of increasing population mobility and improving resource allocation, the property rights structure of rural collective assets has changed greatly, but the direction and degree of change have not been consistent. Facing the future, in order to promote rural revitalization, we should reconstruct the property rights structure of rural collective assets such as agricultural land, collective construction land and collective non land operational assets, to allow some rights to be transferred and allocated across villages, and to improve the allocation efficiency of rural resource. Based on the extensive research and systematic analysis, the research analyzed the historical evolution and future trend of the property rights structure of agricultural land, the property rights structure of collective construction land, and the openness of collective non land operational assets structure. With the gradual expansion of the openness of the property right structure of farmland contracted by households and the further opening of the property right structure of farmland contracted by other means, we should further expand the openness of the property right structure of farmland with the goal of promoting centralization of circulation and expanding operation; and the difficult exploration of the openness of the property right structure of collective construction land with the aim of improving allocation efficiency, and further expanding the openness of property rights structure of collective construction land. For the agricultural land, the degree of openness of the property rights structure is already relatively high, the next reform should continue to advance according to the framework of "separation of the three rights" We should further expand the openness of the property rights structure of collective construction land. With the improvement of market development and the diversification of income of members of collective economic organizations, the property rights structure of collective non land operational assets should be expanded gradually.