农业减量化：农户经营的规模逻辑及其证据

本文将农户分为五种类型,并将农地规模分解为地块规模、经营规模与连片规模,由此构建“农户类型—规模形式—减量化行为”的分析框架,进而阐明农户减量化的规模逻辑。基于农户问卷的实证分析表明:①对于所有样本农户来说,地块规模越大,减施量越高。其中,追求产量最大化的生产型小农,减施量与经营规模呈“倒U”型变化,而追求多元化经营的功能型小农,减施量随经营规模的扩大而增加;②农户连片规模扩大,减施量就增高,并且能够增强地块规模扩大以及经营规模扩大对减施的促进作用;③农户社会服务卷入程度加深,能够增强地块规模、经营规模和连片规模扩大对减施的促进作用。据此,农业减量化,应鼓励农户开展连片种植,形成生产性服务的市场容量,然后诱导服务供应商提供专业化服务,进而实现服务规模经营对农地规模经营的替代。

Agricultural Chemical Reduction: The Logic and Evidence Based on Farmland Operation Scale of Households

This article categorizes rural households into 5 groups,and divides their farmland scale into plot scale,operation scale and joint planting scale.It further constructs an analytical framework including“household type-scale form-chemical reduction behavior”.The empirical analyses based on a rural household survey indicate that,first of all,for the full sample,the amount of chemical use reduction increases with plot scale expansion.For production-oriented households pursuing the maximum yield,an inverted u-shaped relationship between chemical use reduction and operation scale can be found.However,for function-oriented households pursuing diversified operation,their amount of chemical use reduction increases when operation scale expands.Secondly,the increase in joint planting scale would promote the reduction of chemical use,and enhance the positive effects of expanding plot and operation scales on reduction.Thirdly,the increasing adoption of agricultural social services could increase plot scale,operation scale and joint planting scale.Therefore,for agricultural chemical reduction,it is of great importance to encourage the joint planting among households and form enough market capacity of production services.This would inspire service providers to provide specialized services and replace farmland scale operation with service scale operation.