非自愿搬迁对移民职业代际流动性的影响研究——基于三峡库区调查数据的实证分析

本研究以三峡库区非自愿搬迁移民为研究对象,具体分析了非自愿搬迁影响职业代际流动性的作用机理,并对其进行实证检验。结果显示:非自愿搬迁移民与原居民的职业代际流动性存在显著差异,非自愿搬迁显著提高了职业向上代际流动性,同时非自愿搬迁移民也存在较高的职业代际传承,在农民阶层、工人阶层和管理者阶层上实现代际流入或流出的可能性较低。相比市内安置和后靠安置,市外安置更有利于职业向上代际流动,且在移民后代0~3岁时搬迁会显著降低职业向上代际流动性,而3~6岁搬迁能显著增加职业向上代际流动性。在发展机会较多、发展差距较大或正式社会支持较强的环境中更易于实现职业向上代际流动,但强社会资本对职业向上代际流动性的提升作用不明显,这主要是源于非自愿搬迁中社会资本规模和质量的损失。

The Effect of Involuntary Resettlement on Inter-generational Occupational Mobility:An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

With a content analysis of the resettlers in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article tries to explore and empirically analyze the mechanism of the influence of involuntary resettlement on resettlers’inter-generational mobility of occupation(IMO).The results show that there are significant differences on the mobility between resettlers and indigenous inhabitants,and involuntary resettlement significantly increases the upward inter-generational mobility of occupation(UIMO).Meanwhile,involuntary resettlement also has a higher inter-generational inheritance,and the possibility of inter-generational inflow or outflow is low in the classes of farmers,workers or managers.Compared with the urban resettlement and the back-up resettlement,the suburban resettlement is found to be more conducive to the UIMO.Involuntary resettlement can significantly reduce the UIMO when the descendants are 0 to 3 years old,while it can significantly increase the UIMO when the descendants are 3 to 6 years old.The UIMO is more likely to occur in the environments with more development opportunities,large development gap,or strong formal social support.However,strong social capital has no obvious effect on the UIMO,which is mainly due to the loss of both social capital scale and social capital quality during the involuntary resettlement process.