海水养殖的总可养殖面积制度(TAF)探析

海水养殖因为需要使用大量海水,占用海岸带资源,因此其发展受到海洋环境的资源性约束,存在养殖规模扩大和海水资源过度开采之间的矛盾。本文通过考察我国鲆鲽类海水养殖,分析鲆鲽类养殖中存在的地下水开采、养殖疾病、资源租金、产量控制等问题,探索性的提出建立总可养殖面积(TAF)制度。通过对海岸带资源进行调查统计,结合养殖技术条件、社会和经济等因素,在一定时期内,在特定的海岸带地理区域设定具体养殖品种所能养殖的面积,并把可养殖面积在养殖单位之间进行合理分配,以达到生态保护和实现良好经济效益和社会效益的目的。

Analysis of the total allowable farming area （TAF） system of marine culture

The marine aquaculture need to use a large number of seawater, and occupy the coastal zone resources, so, the development of marine culture is restricted to the marine environment and coastal zone resources, facing the conflicts between the aquaculture scales expansion and groundwater over-exploitation. In this article, based on the investigation of China＇s flatfish aquaculture, author analyzes the existing problems, such as the groundwater exploitation, aquaculture diseases, resource rents, output control and so on, and also explores the establishment of the total allowable farming area （TAF） system. Through surveying of the coastal zone resources, combining with the technical conditions of marine culture, social and economic factors, the total allowable farming area （TAF） system brings forward the allowable coastal farming area and allocates the farming area to marine culture companies and farmers to achieve the objective of ecological protection, economic and social benefits.