江苏省水资源配置公平性研究

江苏省近年来的缺水状态、水资源禀赋及用水的空间差异,使得公平配置水资源对于该省充分发挥水资源对经济社会的支撑作用、促进区域间均衡发展具有重要意义。基于社会和经济两个角度,采用基尼系数和泰尔指数方法,分析了江苏省水资源配置的公平性。结果表明:2013—2017年,社会角度下江苏省水资源配置较为公平,人口数量和水资源拥有量在空间上基本匹配;而经济角度下该省水资源配置存在一定不公平性,用水量与GDP在空间上匹配度较低,且该不公平性主要由苏北、苏中、苏南三大区域间的用水量差异造成。继而对提升江苏省水资源配置的公平性提出对策建议,包括加强水资源统一管理、优先满足人们生活用水、合理安排经济生产用水、完善用水量控制目标等。

Fairness of allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province

Owing to its status of water shortage, endowment of water resources and spatial differences of water use in recent years, the fair allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province of China is of great significance for playing a supporting role of water in economy and society and promoting the balanced development among various regions. From the perspective of society and economy, the fairness of allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province is analyzed by means of the method of Gini coefficient and Theil index. The results show that from 2013 to 2017, the allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province is relatively fair from the perspective of society, and the population and water resources are basically coordinated. However, from the perspective of economy, the allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province is not fair to some extent. The water consumption and GDP have a relatively lower matching degree, and this unfairness is mainly caused by the differences of water use among three regions. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the fairness of allocation of water resources in Jiangsu Province, including strengthening the unified management of water resources, giving priority to meet people''s domestic water use, reasonably arranging water use for economic production, and improving control target of water use.