中国全要素农田水利效率及其空间分布格局

选取我国31个省、自治区、直辖市1998—2015年的面板数据,运用数据包络分析方法测算农田水利全要素生产率。在此基础上,构建中国31省市的经济-距离空间权重矩阵,分析农田水利全要素生产率的空间相关性。研究结果表明:农田水利全要素生产率的年度波动明显,区域发展不平衡;农田水利全要素生产率的分布从高到低依次为东部地区、东北地区、西部地区、中部地区;规模效率普遍呈递减趋势,规模不经济是影响我国农田水利全要素生产率提升的主要阻力;从空间分布格局来看,农田水利全要素生产率高和低的地区都出现相对聚集的现象,而各省市具体地区的空间聚集特征强度差异较大。提出我国应注重农田水利规模效率的提升,扩大中西部地区农田水利投资规模以减少区域差异的建议。

Total factor productivity ofirrigation and water conservancy and its spatial distribution pattern in China

The total factor productivity(TFP)of irrigation and water conservancy in China is calculated by using the data envelopment analysis by selecting the panel data of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from 1998 to 2015. On this basis, the spatial weight matrix for economy-distance of 31 provinces is established to analyze the spatial correlation of TFP of irrigation and water conservancy. The results show that the annual fluctuation of TFP is obvious, and the regional development is imbalanced. The TFP from high to low is the eastern region, the northeast region, the western region and the central region. The scale efficiency has generally declining trend, and the size of the economy has become the main obstruction of TFP of irrigation and water conservancy in China. From the spatial distribution pattern, the TFPs of high and low areas are relatively concentrated, while the provinces and cities of the spatial aggregation characteristics have large differences. Based on the above results, the China''s government should improve the scale efficiency of irrigation and water conservancy and expand the investment scale of irrigation and water conservancy in the middle and western regions of China so as to reduce regional differences.