中国灌溉农业发展——问题与挑战

中国灌溉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业水资源利用的低效率，表现为短缺与浪费并存。指出干旱缺水是中国粮食产量波动的主要原因，阐述水资源产权模糊、水价偏低、水工程设施产权模糊、分散的水行政管理以及农民用水过程中自主管理组织的缺乏是中国灌溉农业水资源利用效率低下的成因。对此，提出构造实施资源水利的制度环境、完善水资源管理制度、完善水资源政策、促进灌区水市场发展等提高灌溉管理效率的措施是未来中国灌溉农业发展的核心问题。

Development of irrigated agriculture in China—problems and challenges

Irrigated agriculture has played a critical role in the development of Chinese agriculture, especially in the grain security. However, there coexist shortages and wastes in agricultural water utilization. The causes of low water efficiency are as follows: attenuated property rights over water resources, artificial low prices for water, fuzzy governance rights over irrigation infrastructure, fragmented government management, and the absence of self-organization of farmers. The critical issue facing future agricultural water utilization is to improve management efficiency. It is a systematic reform, including the reform of institutional arrangements, water administration regimes, and water policies.