山东省耕地利用效益的时空差异研究

我国的人地矛盾将长期存在，耕地资源不足已成为我国的基本国情，耕地环境的恶化成为制约我国社会、经济进一步发展和环境健康的瓶颈：工业化城市化使部分耕地非农化趋势不可逆转，耕地面积与人均粮食快速递减，耕地低效利用、掠夺式经营广泛存在。所有这一切都在不断侵蚀着土地生产力、威胁着我国粮食安全。据此，本文尝试性地提出耕地利用效益评价指标体系，采用主成分分析、聚类分析和相关分析，并以农业大省山东为例进行实证研究，以揭示出区域耕地利用效益的时空差异和特征，以期为制定提高区域耕地利用效益的对策、为国家制定耕地利用、保护和耕地整理、补偿政策提供实证参考。研究结果表明，耕地资源利用效益存在着巨大的时空差异；森林覆盖率、人均粮食产量、人力资本水平等8项指标是决定耕地利用综合效益的主要因素。本文的主要结论或政策启示是：政府对耕地的保护政策、补偿政策，不仅要考虑耕地数量，更要考虑耕地利用效益状况，实行高效益高保护、高补偿。

Study on the Space-time Difference of Cultivated Land Use Efficiency in Shandong Province

The pressures of contradictions between people and land will be continued in a long period of time; The lack of cultivated land resources has been our basic condition; The worsening environment has been the obstacle to our society and economy going step further and environment improving; The industrialization and urbanization of our country makes the trend of land conversion irreversible; The area of cultivated land and the quantity of food for per capita has been reducing rapidly; It is popular for the cultivated land to be utilized and managed in low benefit. All above are corroding the land productive force and threatening our food security. So this paper tries to put forward the indicators for analyzing the utilization benefit of the cultivated land resources empirically for the case of Shandong Province , by the principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis, to bring the differences from the utilization benefit of the cultivated land resources to light, in order to present empirical references for the government to make the policies of the utilization, protection, compensation and trim of the cultivated land. Outcome means the huge differences in time and space from the utilization benefit of the cultivated land resources. Analysis means that the 8 indicators, such as forest coverage rate, food per capita and so on, are the main factors to control the comprehensive benefit for the utilization of the cultivated land resources. This paper enlightens us that the government not only considers the amount of cultivated land, but also the utilization benefit of the cultivated land resources when makes the policies of the utilization, protection and compensation of the cultivated land: high benefit for high compensation and high protection of the cultivated land.