试论稀土资源勘查开发和综合利用的可持续发展

从稀土资源分布、勘查开发、冶炼分离、行业产销格局以及产业相关政策等方面分析我国稀土资源勘查开发和综合利用现状，稀土行业存在资源过度开发、生态环境破坏严重、产业结构不尽合理、价格背离价值、出口走私猖獗、国际话语权被削弱等问题。建议：⑴遵循“四项基本原则”，确立稀土发展目标；⑵强化稀土产区管理，严格勘查开发行为；⑶实施冶炼企业重组，调整优化产业结构；⑷加大市场调控力度，规范产品流通秩序；⑸大力推进技术进步，促进稀土产业升级；⑹建立战略储备体系，确保国家资源安全；⑺严格行业准入管理，促进环境协调发展；⑻秉承科学发展原则，实现经济繁荣；⑼抓住市场发展机遇，构筑南方稀土辉煌。

Discussion on Sustainable Development Concerning Prospecting,Exploitation, and Overall Utilization of Rare Earth Resources

This paper analyses the current situation of prospecting, exploitation, and overall utilization of rare earth resources from distribution of rare earth resources, prospecting and exploitation, smelting separation, industry production and marketing pattern, as well as industrial policies. Now it is important to realize that excessive exploitation of natural resources, the deterioration of ecological environments, unreasonable industrial structure, variance of price from value, the rampant smuggling of export, and a weakened international discourse rights have been the constituents of rare-earth industry. In light of this reality, this paper offers some measures with a view to promoting sustainable development concerning prospecting, exploitation, and overall utilization of rare earth resources. For example, we should set a goal for rare earth development in accordance with the four cardinal principles; we should engage in efforts to strengthen management in rare earth production areas and strictly control the exploration and exploitation activities. At the same time, we should make the smelting enterprises restructuring so as to adjust and optimize the industrial structure. We should step up efforts to market regulations and standardize the order of product distribution. And we must devote major efforts to promote technical progress and rare earth industry upgrading, establish a strategic reserve system that can ensure the state resources security. In doing so, we also should rigorously enforce the industry access management to promote coordinated development of environment. We must adhere to the principle of scientiifc development to achieve prosperity in the world economy. In addition, we also should seize an opportunity of market development to achieve brilliant achievement of rare earth in the south of China.