改革开放30年中国集体林发展趋势分析

通过集体林区改革开放以来各项政策、制度的变化,对森林资源、木材及木质产品供给、造林面积、营林投资、林业重点工程、林地生产力与利用率、农民收入、环境质量与经营发展之间的关系等多方面的绩效分析,指出:集体林区已经取代了东北国有林区,成为我国重要的木材及木质产品基地;但集体林区营林投资呈下降态势;林地生产力和林地利用率虽然提高,但仍处于较低水平;农民是林业生产的主体,但在林业生产中并没有得到较大的好处,在农户家庭收入中所占比重很低。研究表明,林业家庭经营形式并不十分适合中国集体林区,在一定程度上制约了集体林区的发展,尚需与时俱进地开展集体林产权制度改革,在产权清晰基础上,引导适度林地流转,促进规模经营,鼓励专业化经营。同时要对产品与服务市场、林业税费制度、采伐制度、生态效益补偿制度等协调配套改革,把集体林产权制度改革纳入到解决"三农"问题的大背景中加以解决。最后指出,产权的明确与清晰是集体林业发展的前提和必要条件,而不是全部。激励和竞争同样极其重要,建立相应的激励机制是保证我国集体林发展的充分条件。

Evaluation of Development Trends of China's Collective Forest after 30-year Opening-up and Reform

This paper carries out performance analysis of collective forest reform since the beginning of opening and reform from the aspects of policy,forest resource,timber supply,reforestation areas,investment,key projects,land productivity,farmers' income,environmental quality and management development.It points out that collective forest has dominated north-eastern state-owned forest as important basis of timber and wood-base product.However,due to the decreasing of investment in collective forest,forest land pr...