对中国集体林区产权改革诸问题的认识

集体林产权改革必须尊重历史,尊重广大基本群众对土地和民生的基本诉求,切实维护他们对土地基本的权力,核心是公平,而不是效率,效率上的改革企图只能在局部成功。应当清醒地认识到这次改革目标是有限的。为此提出了4点建议:(1)尽快彻底取消林业税费。(2)加强林业产权制度、基层森林管理模式、利益分配机制的综合研究和试验。(3)林业部门主动放弃“森林”和“环境”等主导名词,而代替为“林农”、“林业”和“林区”“三林问题”新的话语。寻求少数林区作为改革试点,探索林区社会福利事业生成路径和管理模式,用以购买农民的森林所有权和林地的使用权,探索集体林区森林国有化改革的道路。(4)寻求多样化、有弹性的林业改革发展道路。

Understanding of the critical issues attached to reform of South China Collective Forest Regions

The reform of collective forests must respect the history, respect basic demand of land and livelihood of lay community people, must safeguard their right to land. Equity, not efficiency is a centre for the reform. Forest tenure reflects the power arrangement in the ground and embodied historic changes. Without fully mobilization of lay farmers, or power and political intervention from high level authority, any change of land tenure would lead to a change to violate the farmers' interests by powerful group in the ground. Meanwhile, grassroots level forest management mechanism has not yet been put forward, and forest administration and governance reform has not yet incorporated into the on-going reform. Thus, the on-going forest tenure reform should be considered as a action for a limited strategic objective. At the end, the recommendation has been in place as: 1) entirely eliminating the forest taxation and charges; 2) comprehensive reform piloting and research including tenure, benefit sharing issue (including public expenditure policy), and grassroots forest management models; 3) Forestry sector would shift the strategic discourses to "Three Lin" called Forester, Forestry, and Forest area from "environment" and "forest". Convinced by central government, the forestry sector would pilot reform to providing social pension development in the forest region to buy the use right for forests from rural communities; 4) diversifying the adoptive development model for forestry reform in China.