大连市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应分析

基于大连市土地利用空间数据,选用斑块数、斑块分离度、景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、生态环境指数等景观特征指数,从斑块和景观两个尺度对大连市土地利用空间格局进行定量评价,揭示其对区域生态环境的影响。结果表明:(1)旱地景观是大连地区面积最大、分布最广、连续性最强的基质景观;其次,林地景观的面积比例也较大;水田、草地和水域的面积比例较小。(2)城乡用地景观的斑块数最多,其次为林地;旱地景观斑块分离度最小,为0.03其次为林地景观,为0.08;沼泽景观的斑块分离度最大,为2.06。(3)大连市的生态环境指数为0.43,与辽宁沿海其他城市相比较,其生态环境质量的总体状况较好,但仍有提升空间。

Analysis of Landscape Pattern of land-use and Its Eco-Environmental Effect in Dalian

Based on the graphic data of land utilization of Dalian in 2007, choosing the number of patch, the separating degree of patch, diversity index of landscape, dominance index, evenness index, the index of ecological environment, and other landscape metrics we quantify and analyze the land-use change and land-scape spatial pattern in Dalian and in term of patch and landscape to reflect the effect of land use spatial pattern on regional eco-environment. The result shows: (1) Dry farmland landscape is the metric one which owns largest area, the most extensive in distribution, strongest in consecution. Second, the area of Wood-land landscape proportion is bigger also. Paddy field, grassland and water area are small. (2) Urban and rural land has the maxi-mum number of landscape patches. The next is woodland land-scape. Dry farmland landscape has the smallest separating degree of patch of 0.03, the next is woodland landscape with the value of 0.08, yet marsh witch has the biggest separating degree of patch of 2.07. (3) Eco-environment index in Dalian is 0.43. compared with the other coastal cities in Liaoning, the overall condition of the ecological environment quality is better, but it still needs to be improved.