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干旱区盐渍化农田景观格局特征分析
引用本文:王新军,贾宏涛,朱 磊.干旱区盐渍化农田景观格局特征分析[J].国土与自然资源研究,2014(2):64-68.
作者姓名:王新军  贾宏涛  朱 磊
作者单位:新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐,830052
基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项-应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题( XDA05050504);国家自然科学基金项目(41301205、41101178),自治区土壤学重点学科
摘    要:干旱区农田土壤盐渍化问题突出且日趋严重,已成为制约绿洲农业发展的主要障碍之一。以玛纳斯县为研究区,运用景观生态学方法和GIS技术,选取相关景观格局指数,对农田盐渍化景观格局及土壤盐渍化程度与景观格局关系进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)研究区以轻度盐渍化农田为主,农田土壤盐分在水平方向的变异程度随着深度的增加而降低,总体来看,农田斑块形状较规则、简单且面积变化幅度较大。(2)类型水平土壤盐渍化程度对农田斑块面积影响显著,随着土壤盐渍化程度增加而农田斑块面积减小。盐渍化程度对类型斑块间距离影响明显,轻度盐渍化程度农田斑块呈集中分布,而其它类型类型斑块间距离较大,相对分散分布。(3)斑块水平土壤深度(0~100cm)范围内,土壤含盐量与农田斑块形状、面积和邻近斑块数关系密切。盐渍化农田盐渍化程度愈重,其农田斑块形状愈复杂,农田斑块面积愈小,农田斑块邻近斑块数愈少。中层盐渍化程度对农田斑块形状和面积影响相对较大,底层盐渍化程度对农田斑块集中连片分布特征影响较大。

关 键 词:盐渍化  景观格局  干旱区  农田  玛纳斯县

Analysis on the Landscape Pattern of Salinized Farmland in Arid area
Institution:WANG Xin-jun et al (College of Pratacult ural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ummqi 830052, China)
Abstract:Striking and increasingly serious problem of soil salin-ization in arid area has become one of the main obstacle of devel-opment of agriculture. Taking Manas County as study region, farmland landscape pattern and relationship between soil saliniza-tion and landscape pattern were quantitative analysis by GIS technology, based on landscape ecology, selected related landscape indices. The results show that (1)There are mainly mild salinized soil in this region, Variation degree of soil salinity in a horizontal direction decreased with depth, Farmland patches shape is regular, simple, and area variation is larger at the landscape scale. (2)The effect of Soil salinization degree on area of farmland patches and characteristic of farmland patches spatial distribution are obvious, area is reduced with the degree of soil salinization, Distribution of mild salinized patches are relatively centralized, the patches of other types are relatively scattered at the class scale. (3)Soil salt content has close relationships with the patch shape, the patch area and the number of neighboring patches. Farmland patches shape is more complex,patch area is Smaller, the number of neighboring patches is less with the degree of soil salinization. The effect of Soil salinization degree of middle soil layers on the shape and the area of patches is more obvious than the others. The effect of Soil salinization degree of bottom soil layers on the characteristics of concentrated distribution of patches was more obvious than the others.
Keywords:salinization  landscape pattern  arid area  farmland  Manas County
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