中原地区龙山文化时期植物资源的利用--以河南新乡尚村遗址为例

尚村遗址位于河南省新乡市,是豫北一处龙山文化时期的遗址。2018年在尚村遗址的发掘过程中,我们采用针对性采样法在遗址发掘区采集土样11份,并进行了浮选。浮选获得了丰富的炭化植物遗存,包括粟、黍和大麦三种农作物,以及其他6种杂草类和一些果壳类等非农作物植物遗存。浮选结果显示,粟的绝对数量和出土概率最高,黍次之,未见水稻、大豆,说明以尚村遗址为代表的豫北地区龙山时期的农业结构应该是以粟黍为主的北方旱作农业。此外,尚村遗址发现葡萄和一些碎果壳,说明当时人类还从事植物采集活动,这可能是一种辅助类农业生产活动。通过与中原地区其他遗址浮选结果进行对比,得出中原地区龙山文化时期豫北地区以种植粟和黍两种旱地作物为主,豫西南地区以种植水稻为主,豫中地区为稻旱混作的特点。本次植物遗存的研究为探讨豫北地区农业结构特点提供了新的思考,加强了我们对中原地区龙山文化时期农业生产的区域性认识。

Utilization of Plant Resources in Longshan Period in the Central China:Take Shangcun Site in Xinxiang City Henan Province as an Example

The Shangcun site is located in Xinxiang City,Henan Province,it's an archaeological site of Longshan period in northern Henan Province.During the excavation of Shangcun site in 2018,11 soil samples from the site excavation area were collected by diagnostic sampling strategy and carried out flotation.Abundant carbonized plant remains were obtained by flotation,including three crops of foxtail millet,broomcorn millet and barley,as well as non-agricultural plant remains of six other grass weeds and some fruit shell.The flotation results showed that the absolute quantity and ubiquity of fox-tail millet were the highest,followed by broomcorn millet,and no rice and soybean were found,which indicated that the agricultural structure of the Longshan period represented by Shangcun site should be the northern dry-land agriculture dominated by foxtail millet and broomcorn millet.In addition,grapes and some broken fruit shells were found in Shangcun site,indicating that human beings were also en-gaged in some plant gathering activities,which may be an auxiliary agricultural production behavior.By comparing with the flotation results of other sites in the Central China,it is concluded that in the pe-riod of Longshan period,foxtail millet and broomcorn millet were mainly planted in northern Henan,rice are mainly planted in southwest Henan,and the Central Henan is mainly the mixture of wet-dry farming area.This archaeobotanical study provide a new thinking for exploring the characteristics of ag-ricultural structure in northern Henan Province,and strengthens our understanding of the region agricul-tural production in the period of Longshan Culture in the Central China.