茭簰考释--兼及江汉平原湖区人水关系

明清时期长江中游地区地方文献记载的茭簰,并非漂浮种植性质的葑田,而是漂浮居住性质的水上居家设施。“随波上下”且“不时迁移”是其基本特性,实质是借水之力以避水之害,乃湖区居民应对洪涝灾害的居住创举。茭簰不同于为众熟知的舟船,亦有别于水上航行的排筏,茭簰居民并非渔民,而是备有“种莳牲畜”的农民。茭簰与葑田,虽然一耕一居,却具有共同的指向。茭簰是湖区农家适应环境变化,根据生产生活需要而做出的相对选择,堪称湖区居民趋利避害、协调人水关系的代表性举措。

What is Jiaopai(茭簰):The Relationship between Human and Water in Jianghan Plain Lake Area

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Jiaopai(茭簰)recorded in the local literature in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was not floating planting natureas Fengtian(葑田),but a floating living aquatic household facility.Jiaopai(茭簰)was the residential initiative of the residents in the lake area to deal with the flood disaster.It was different from the well-known boats and rafts,and the residents were not fishermen but farmers.Jiaopai(茭簰)was a relative choice made by the farmers in the lake area to adapt to the changes of the environment and according to the needs of production and life.It can be regarded as a representative measure for the residents in the lake area to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and coordinate the rela tionship between human and water.