季节性饥荒条件下农业起源问题研究

学术界对农业发生原因的讨论已经持续很长时间了，但对晚期智人阶段季节性饥荒在农业发生中的作用并未给予足够重视。古气候研究表明，在距今5-1万年前的旧石器晚期全球气候比较寒冷，距今3万年前的气温比现在低10℃左右，后来气温才逐渐回升。在寒冷气候的影响下，晚期智人在冬季更难获得食品，因此发生了季节性饥荒，在一些地方甚至出现了以人为食的悲剧，季节性饥荒迫使古人类驯化栽培植物和驯养动物以补给冬季食物的短缺。当初驯化的植物和驯养的动物可能多种多样，经过不断的比较和选择，原始人类最终将种植畜养的重点确定在少数几种动植物上，逐渐使之脱离野生状态成为栽培植物和家养动物，如籽粒丰硕易于保存的植物和性情温顺的草食性动物，随之他们也脱离了采集渔猎生活，进入了农业社会。这一变化过程是在晚期智人阶段完成的，因此研究农业起源的时间起点不应局限于新石器时代，需要进一步上推，以旧石器时代晚期为宜。

Study on the Problems of Agricultural Origin under the Condition of Seasonal Famine

The problems of agricultural origin have been discussed for a long time, but we didn't focus our attention on the role of seasonal famine in the process of agricultural origin during Homo sapiens stage. The climatic condition of whole world was colder than that in present, therefore it becomes more difficulty to get food and seasonal famine occurred year by year. The pressure of seasonal famine compelled human to domesticate animals and growth plants so that providing food against continual hungry, especially in winter season. The origin time of agriculture should be back warded to the late Palaeolithic period, 10000 to 50000 years ago.