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明清时期西北地区农业开发的技术路径与生态效应
引用本文:姚兆余.明清时期西北地区农业开发的技术路径与生态效应[J].中国农史,2003,22(4):102-111.
作者姓名:姚兆余
作者单位:南京农业大学,人文学院,江苏,南京,210095
基金项目:中国博士后科学基金资助项目的阶段性成果
摘    要:明清时期,西北地区农业开发对生态环境之所以造成巨大的破坏作用,与农业开发的技术路径息息相关;大规模移民造成了人地关系的恶化;水资源过量开发,导致水资源萎缩;生产技术原始落后,只好通过扩大垦殖规模来增加粮食产量,而滥垦土地又造成地表生态系统的失调。

关 键 词:明清时期  西北地区  农业开发  技术路径  生态效应  大规模移民  水资源  生产技术  水利建设

Relation between Technical Path of Agricultural Development and Ecological Eoffect in the Northwest during Ming and Qing Dynasites
Yao zhaoyu.Relation between Technical Path of Agricultural Development and Ecological Eoffect in the Northwest during Ming and Qing Dynasites[J].Agricultural History of China,2003,22(4):102-111.
Authors:Yao zhaoyu
Abstract:During the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Agricultural Expansion in the northwest of China finally led to a deteriorated environment of ecology, which was closely related to the technological path of that time. A large scale of immigrations made worse a relationship of man and soil; water resources were exhausted by several irrigation-constructions; Using old and obsolete technologies, people successfully expanded their arable lands in order to produce furthermore staple grains, while reckless reclamation resulted in the imbalance of ecological environment.
Keywords:Agricultural expansion  Technological path  Ecological changes
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