关中汉唐帝陵区土地利用景观格局演变研究

为揭示关中汉唐帝陵区土地利用景观格局演变规律,以2005年、2010年、2016年三期遥感影像为基础,选取斑块个数、平均斑块面积、斑块密度、斑块形状指数和分离度指数5个指标,对研究区类型水平上的景观格局变化的特点进行动态分析;选取多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数和破碎度指数4个指标,对研究区景观总体水平的演变特点进行动态分析。结果显示:2005—2010年,人类对汉唐帝陵区土地利用干预程度不断加剧,耕地斑块密度增加一倍,林地斑块密度增加两倍多,导致景观破碎度显著增加,富平县和蒲城县斑块数量增加是2005—2010年关中汉唐帝陵区斑块数量增加的主要原因。2010—2016年,人类对土地利用保护程度不断增强,林地的斑块密度是2010年的三分之一,导致景观破碎度减少。富平县和蒲城县斑块数量减少也是导致2010—2016年关中汉唐帝陵区斑块数量减少的主要原因。2005—2016年,所有土地类型的平均斑块面积都有变小的趋势,斑块密度都有变大的趋势,景观多样性指数呈现不断增加的趋势,除园地外,其余类型斑块分离度在变大,说明斑块之间的距离在增大,趋于分散布局。研究结果可为汉唐帝陵区资源保护与可持续利用提供理论指导。

On the Evolution of Landscape Pattern in the Han&Tang Dynasties Emperor Mausoleum Area of Guanzhong

In order to reveal the law of landscape pattern evolution of land use in the Han&Tang Dynasties emperor mausoleum area of Guanzhong,based on the remote sensing images of 2005,2010 and 2016,this paper selected five indexes,including the number,average area,density,shape index and separation index of patches to analyze the characteristics of landscape pattern change at the study area.Four indexes,including the diversity index,dominance index,evenness index and fragmentation index were selected to analyze the evolution characteristics of the overall landscape level.The results showed that:(1)from 2005 to 2010,with the intensified human intervention on land use,the density of cultivated land patches increased by one time,and the density of forest patches increased by more than two times,leading to the increasing of the landscape fragmentation.The increase of the patch number in Fuping and Pucheng counties was the main reason for the increase of the patch number in the Han&Tang Dynasties emperor mausoleum area of Guanzhong;(2)from 2010 to 2016,human protection on land use was increased,and the density of forest patches decreased by two-thirds,leading to the decreasing of the landscape fragmentation.The decrease of the patch number in Fuping and Pucheng countries was the main reason for the decrease of the patch number in the Han&Tang Dynasties emperor mausoleum area of Guanzhong;(3)from 2005 to 2016,the average patch area of all land types tended to be smaller,the patch density tended to be larger,and the landscape diversity index tended to be increasing.Apart from the garden land,the separation degree of other types of patches was increasing,which indicated that the distance between patches was increasing and tended to be distributed.The results could provide a theoretical guidance for the resources protection and sustainable utilization of the Han&Tang Dynasties emperor mausoleum area of Guanzhong.