我国宅基地使用管理制度的演变、存在问题和改革途径——基于北京市的调查

通过文献研究和归纳比较法对我国宅基地使用和管理政策演变进行梳理,发现我国宅基地使用和管理制度演变经历了5个阶段,并且对宅基地的所有权和使用权、审批制度和面积标准、确权登记政策、流转政策、退出机制等做了分析,总结宅基地使用和管理现存的主要问题为:"一户一宅"等政策难以落实;"无地可批"和"有地不批"现象普遍存在;确权登记时权属来源材料缺失;自发流转普遍等。提出其改革的途径:同户籍管理制度改革相结合改进宅基地审批制度;形成规划、审批、确权、退出等一体化管理体制;推进房地合一的宅基地确权登记发证工作;实行宅基地"所有权、使用权、经营权"三权分置;统筹谋划,全面实现宅基地财产权。

On the Evolution,Problems and Ways to Reform of Management System of Rural Residential Land in China

The intention of this paper is to give a proposal for problems in rural residential land by summarizing the issues from management perspective.The proposals are put forward based on some factors,including the current rural residential land status,management policies and the development progress of rural areas,farmers and agriculture in our country.Two methods are adopted in this study:literature review,inductive and comparative method.The research results indicate that the management policy of rural residential land can be categorized into five stages,and the main problems can be summarized as:the inconsistence between the concept and the practice of"one family,one house"and"the villagers";the existence of"no land may be granted"and"there is not granted to"cases;the difficulty in confirming the acquisition time when the rights to be registered;the transfer of the right to the use of rural residential land.Based on analyzing the problems,the research proposes some solutions:to collaborate with the household registration system;to form the integrated management system,including planning, approval,registration,exit.to accelerate rural residential land registration certification by jointing the unified real estate registration system;to establish the separation of the three rights:the right to possess,the right to use and the right to management;for long-term,to implement the rural residential land property.