近年来湖南省耕地动态变化及保护对策

湖南省人均耕地已接近联合国粮农组织规定的人均耕地警戒线,且近年来耕地流失的趋势还在加快,耕地减少主要集中在生态退耕、建设占用、农业结构调整以及灾害毁地等几个方面.近7年来,湖南各地市表现出不同的耕地变化特征:经济水平相对较高以及地处洞庭湖平原的地区,耕地变化率反而小;而相对落后的山区,耕地变化率较大.利用主成分分析法,得出湖南省耕地减少的三大驱动因素,分别是社会经济发展、国家耕地有关政策以及农业科技进步.实现耕地占补平衡,提高耕地的集约利用水平,积极开展土地整理复垦、改善生态环境、依靠科技进步等是当前保护耕地的基本策略.

Research on Dynamic Changes and Protection of Cultivated Land in Hunan Province Since 1990s

The cultivated land per capita of Hunan Province touches the cordon of cultivated land per capita enacted by FAO,and the decrease of cultivated land has accelerated in recent years,which mostly occurs in ecological returning to forest,construction projects,agricultural structural adjustment,and damages caused by natural disasters.In the past 7 years,changes in cultivated land have taken place in different regions of the province,with a smaller change in areas of relatively high economic level and areas in Dongting Lake Plain and a bigger change in relatively backward areas.Using the Principal Component Analysis,this paper analyzes the main factors of driving forces in cultivated land change,i.e.,social and economic development,national policies for cultivated land,and advance in agricultural technology.The paper proposes some basic strategies for the protection of cultivated land in Hunan,such as the balance between land occupation and compensation,the enhancing of intensive level of land use,the land arrangement and reclamation,the improvement of ecological environment,and the dependence on technological advance.