黑土地保护性耕作发展的制约瓶颈和突破路径

保护性耕作是东北黑土地保护利用的有效途径,是落实"藏粮于地、藏粮于技"战略的重要抓手。新世纪以来,黑土地保护性耕作经历了从农机主导向农机农艺融合发展的历程,呈现出技术结构集成化、推广主体多元化、应用主体规模化的发展趋势。同时,在黑土地保护性耕作发展过程中,面临着来自于农户认知、技术结构、土地规模、推广体系、补偿机制等方面的现实障碍。因此,需要从提升农户认知水平、加强先进适用的技术研发与集成、推进农业生产经营方式创新、构建新型农技推广体系、加强政策引导与法制建设等方面营造黑土地保护性耕作的发展之路。

The Bottleneck and Breakthrough path of the Conservation Tillage Development in Black Soil of Northeast China

Conservation tillage is an effective way to protect and utilize the black soil in Northeast China and it is an important approach to implement the food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application.Since the new century,the conservation tillage in black soil regions of Northeast China has gone through the development process from the dominance of agricultural machinery to the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. At the same time,it is also faced with practical obstacles including farmer’s cognition,technical structure,land scale,extension system and compensation mechanism in the process of the development of conservation tillage in black soil.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the development of conservation tillage in black soil from such aspects as improving cognitive level of peasant household,strengthening the research and integration of advanced and applicable technologies,promoting innovative methods of agricultural production and management,constructing a new extension system of agricultural technologies,enhancing policy guidance and legal construction for the black soil protection.