大数据时代土地利用优化的机遇、数据源及潜在应用

研究目的:分析大数据技术应用于土地空间优化配置的可能性。研究方法:通过查阅相关文献,归纳总结前人基于大数据进行土地利用优化的经验,分析目前可以使用的潜在数据源,在此基础上提出大数据模式下土地利用空间优化潜在应用的工作思路。研究结果:土地利用空间优化相关的大数据主要包括基础地理数据、遥感影像数据产品、个体时空数据、手机APP数据、电子地图数据、社交应用网络数据、智能交通数据、物联网传感器数据、社会经济统计数据和台站观测数据10类,其可能的应用包括空间质量评价、空间用地布局优化和土地空间扩展预测。研究结论:在当前的大数据时代,日益增多的大数据源为土地资源管理和土地优化利用提供了强有力的新数据支撑,为区域/城市土地利用优化带来新的发展机遇、理念和挑战。

Opportunities, Data Sources, and Potential Applications of Land Use Optimization in the Big Data Era

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of applying the big data technology in urban land use structure and spatial pattern optimization. By means of literature review, how previous studies utilize big data to optimize land use is analyzed. On the basis of literature review, potential big data sources for use were investigated, and the workflow of typical application of big data in urban land use structure and spatial pattern optimization was analyzed. The big data associated with urban land use structure and spatial pattern optimization include fundamental geographic data, remote sensing images, individual spatio-temporal data, mobile application data, digital map, social application data, intelligent traffic data, data from internet of things, and station observation data. The typical application field of the big data include spatial quality assessment, land use pattern optimization, and prediction of land use evolvement. Big data from more sources bring opportunity, challenge, and new insights to regional / urban land use structure and spatial pattern optimization.