关系治理还是契约治理：农地流转治理结构的 转型逻辑与区域差异研究

研究目的：为完善农地产权制度和要素市场化配置机制，从制度、经济与文化三个层面分析农地流转治理结构的转型逻辑与区域差异。研究方法：逻辑演绎法，Biprobit模型。研究结果：（1）促进农地流转从关系治理向契约治理转型的核心驱动因素是产权的界定与实施、流转租金的上涨和人情往来的减少。（2）农地流转治理结构及其转型逻辑存在明显的区域异质性。东部和西部地区更偏向契约治理，中部地区更偏向关系治理。在驱动因素上，东部地区较高的流转租金和完善的土地流转服务是主要的转型驱动力，中部地区的人情文化传统较深，阻碍了农地流转的市场化转型，西部地区的土地确权颁证率较高，发挥出了明显的确权效应。研究结论：（1）完善的农地产权制度是农地流转市场的基石，不仅要保障产权明晰，还要构建有效的产权实施机制；（2）经济利益是驱动农地流转市场转型的重要因素，要促进农地价值形成合理的价格参照系；（3）文化观念是农地流转市场转型的重要支撑，要协调好市场观念与文化传统之间的关系；（4）需因地制宜地推进农地流转市场转型。

Relational Governance or Contractual Governance: A Study on the Transformation Logic and Regional Differences of the Governance Structure of Farmland Transfer

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformation logic and regional differences of the governance structure of farmland transfer from the three aspects of institution, economy and culture, to improve the rural property right system and the market-oriented allocation mechanism of factors. The research methods include logical deduction method and Biprobit model. The results show that: 1) the core driving factors to promote the transformation of farmland transfer from relationship governance to contract governance are the definition and implementation of property rights, the rise of transfer rent and the reduction of private relation contact; 2) there are obvious regional heterogeneity in the governance structure and transformation logic of farmland transfer. The eastern and western region is more inclined to contract governance, and the central region is more inclined to relationship governance. In terms of driving factors, higher transfer rents and comprehensive land transfer services in the eastern region are the main driving forces for transformation, the deep cultural tradition of private relation contact in the central region hinders the market-oriented transformation of farmland transfer, and the land confirmation and certification rate in the western region is high, which has played an obvious right confirmation effect. In conclusions, first, a perfect farmland property right system is the cornerstone of farmland rental market. The clarity of property rights should be ensured, and an effective property right implementation mechanism should be constructed. Second, economic interest is an important factor driving the transformation of farmland rental market. The value of farmland should be promoted to form a reasonable price reference frame. Third, cultural concept is an important support for the transformation of farmland rental market. The relationship between market concept and cultural tradition should be coordinated. The transformation of farmland rental market should be promoted in accordance with local conditions.