中国耕地保护生态治理内涵及实现路径

研究目的：厘清耕地保护生态治理内涵并明确实现路径，为丰富生态文明背景下的耕地保护与治理提供理论支 撑。研究方法：文献综述法、归纳法、推理法等。研究结果：（1）中国耕地存在空间适宜性差、作土垂直关系紊乱、生产 生态功能失衡等问题。（2）聚焦耕地保护新要求，中国耕地保护生态治理核心内涵包括“耕地空间适宜性、作土垂直关 系匹配性、耕地生产生态功能协调性”等三个方面。（3）实现路径包括科学技术领域突破、部门形成合力、政策对接融 合转型、区域之间协同共进等。（4）保护与治理工具包括通过国土空间规划、全域土地综合整治以提升耕地空间适宜 性；调整粮食生产布局、确定合理复种指数等强化作土垂直关系的匹配性；对耕地生产空间进行严格的用途管制，减 少化肥、农药施用量和灌溉投入强度，优化耕地功能的协调性；建立耕地生态保护补偿机制，推动实现三性协同。研究 结论：中国耕地保护从单独侧重数量、质量保护进入到保护与生态治理相结合的新阶段，要建立起源头控制、过程监管 和末端治理的全流程治理新机制。

The Connotation and Realization Path of Ecological Governance of Cultivated Land Protection in China

The purposes of this paper are to clarify the connotation of cultivated land protection and ecological governance, to establish the realization path, and to provide the theoretical support for the protection and governance of cultivated land under the background of rich ecological civilization. The research methods include literature review, induction and reasoning analysis, etc. The research results show that 1)there are many problems in China for cultivated land, such as poor spatial suitability, mismatched relationship of crops and soil and unbalanced relationship between production and ecological functions. 2)To meet the new requirements of cultivated land protection, the core connotation of cultivated land protection and ecological governance in China includes three aspects, i.e., the suitability of cultivated land space, the matching of the vertical relationship of cropping soil and the balance of production function and ecological function. 3)The realization paths include breakthroughs in the field of science and technology, formation of joint forces between departments, policy integration and transformation and coordinated progress between regions. 4)The specific governance tools are as follows. Firstly, the spatial suitability of cultivated land through territorial spatial planning and comprehensive land consolidation should be ensured. Second, the layout of grain production should be optimized and a reasonable multiple crop index should be determined to reinforce the matching of the spatial relationship of crops and soils. Third, the use control of production space should be implemented to reduce fertilizer, pesticide application and the intensity of irrigation input to optimize the coordination of cultivated land functions. Fourth, a compensation mechanism for ecological protection of cultivated land should be established to promote the realization of the coordination of the three characteristics. In conclusion, cultivated land protection in China has entered a new stage from focusing solely on quantity and quality protection to the combination of protection and ecological governance. It is necessary to establish a new entire process governance mechanism of origin control, process surpervision and end treatment.