基于耕地发展权价值的东北粮食主产区耕地保护补偿机制研究

研究目的：通过建立耕地保护补偿机制，促进区域耕地保护与经济发展相协调，为合理确定国家征地补偿标准提供科学依据。研究方法：基于假设法、比较研究法和文献法，通过建立耕地发展权价值测算模型，测算耕地发展权价值大小，进而建立耕地保护补偿机制。研究结果：（1）巴彦县耕地总面积约1/5可以满足该区域的自身粮食需求，其余约4/5为耕地盈余面积，耕地发展权总价值最高为303.72亿元；（2）为保障国家粮食安全而限制区域耕地转为他用，国家应给予失去发展权的权利主体相应补偿；（3）对无法完成耕地“占一补一”，委托区域代为落实耕地占补平衡任务的地区，应购买区域耕地发展权；（4）对确需满足国家建设需要占用区域耕地，国家或用地单位应给予失去发展权的权利主体相应补偿。研究结论：耕地保护补偿实质是向农民或农村集体经济组织购买耕地发展权权力的价值。在满足区域自身粮食需求、保障国家粮食安全前提下，以耕地发展权价值为载体，应建立集粮食安全补偿、区域性差别补偿以及因建设占用耕地等补偿为一体的耕地保护补偿机制。

Study on Compensation Mechanism for Cultivated Land Protection in Northeast Major Grain Producing Areas Based on the Value of Farmland Development Rights

The purpose of this study is to establish the compensation mechanism of cultivated land preservation in order to provide scientific basis on promoting coordinate for regional cultivated land protection and economic development, and also set reasonable land expropriation compensation standard for the government. Methods include comparative study method, literature digging, and a model of cultivated land development rights value. Study results show that 1） beside 1/5 cultivated land of the study area can only meet their own food needs, the cultivated land development rights in the rest 4/5 areas are worth up to 30.372 billion Yuan; 2） to ensure national food security by limiting cultivated land converting to other uses, the government should pay the compensation to the actors who preserve cultivated land because of their abandoned development rights; 3） for the areas that cannot meet requirement of balancing cultivated land should then buy the land development rights in the region; 4） to those unavoidable land occupation due to national construction projects, the users should pay the compensation according to the development rights. The paper concludes that the cultivated land protection compensation essence is to buy the cultivated land development rights from farmers or the rural collective economic organizations. Under the premise of meeting the grain demand of the area itself and ensuring national food security, governments should establish a comprehensive compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection, taking account of national food security, regional differences, and the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation.