弱保障而强影响：农村土地权益与女性农业转移人口迁移

研究目的:在农村土地权益对农业转移人口迁移的影响作用突显而人口迁移又反过来影响其在农村土地权益处置的现实背景下,研究中国农业转移人口土地权益的性别差异以及迁移行为对土地权益处置影响的性别差异,为制度政策的制定与完善提供依据。研究方法:利用中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)2017年339个城市或地区数据分析中国农业转移人口土地权益的性别差异,构建Logit模型从微观个体的视角分析农业转移人口的迁移对其农村土地权益处置的影响及性别差异。研究结果:(1)女性农业转移人口的迁移对承包地是否自行耕种的影响比男性更大,主要是在婚姻中的女性迁移影响显著强于男性;(2)女性农业转移人口的迁移对承包地是否转租的影响比男性略强,东部和中部地区农业转移人口迁移时间的影响显著而西部和东北地区的影响则不显著。研究结论:与男性相比,女性的农村土地权益保障较弱,但是女性的非农迁移对其家庭农村土地权益流转的影响较强。

Weak Security but Strong Influence: Rural Land Rights and Migration of Female Off-Farm Population

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender differences of land rights of off-farm population in China and the impact of rural-urban migration behavior on their rural land rights disposal, in order to bridge the extant research gap and provide basis for the formulation and improvement of institutions and policies. The research methods are as follows. Based on the data of 339 cities or regions in 2017 from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this paper analyzes the gender differences of land rights of off-farm population in China and constructs Logit model to explore the impact of rural-urban migration on the disposal of rural land rights from the perspective of micro individuals. The results show that: 1)the rural-urban migration of the females has a greater impact on whether the contracted land is cultivated by themselves than that of the males, especially the married women; 2)the rural-urban migration of the females has a stronger impact on whether the contracted land is subleased than that of the males, and the migration time of off-farm population has a significant impact in the eastern and central regions but not significant in the western and eastern regions. In conclusion, compared with the males, the females have weaker rural land rights, but the rural-urban migration of the females has a stronger impact on their rural land rights disposal.