乡村振兴背景下宅基地功能转型机理与模式研究 ——基于典型村庄的案例分析

研究目的:基于典型村庄的案例,从系统角度分析乡村振兴背景下,宅基地功能转型的机理与模式。研究方法:理论分析法、实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)宅基地功能转型即通过改变宅基地利用方式或用地类型,使其由居住功能为主导向其他功能为主导或多元复合功能转变;(2)宅基地功能转型系统由内核与外缘系统构成,系统间彼此协调、相互响应,共同驱动并实现功能转型;(3)根据外缘系统各因子的异质性,可将村庄分为禀赋优势、禀赋平庸及禀赋劣势3类,各类村庄振兴路径不同,不仅为宅基地功能转型提供了机遇与保障,也制约着其转型方向;(4)基于宅基地功能转型机理,可凝练出旅游资源带动型、村内集约改造型及易地搬迁复垦型3种转型模式。研究结论:乡村振兴背景下宅基地功能转型应充分考虑其内核、外缘系统各因子的条件,根据村庄禀赋因地制宜地选择适合自身的转型模式。

Study on the Mechanisms and Modes of Functional Transformation of Rural Residential Land Under the Background of Rural Revitalization: Case Analysis of Typical Villages

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms and modes of rural residential land functional transformation against the backdrop of rural revitalization, based on the cases of typical villages from a systematic perspective. The research methods include theoretical analysis, field investigation and case study. The research results show that: 1)by changing tits use mode or type, the rural residential land shifts from residential function to other functions or from residential function to multiple functions; 2)the function transformation system of rural residential land is composed of the core systems and the outer systems, which coordinate and respond to each other and mutually drive the function transformation of rural residential land; 3)according to the heterogeneity of each factor in the outer systems, the villages can be divided into three categories: endowment advantages, endowment mediocrity and endowment disadvantage, and have different revitalization path that provide opportunity and guarantee for the functional transformation of the rural residential land, but also restricts its transformation direction; 4)based on the functional transformation mechanisms of rural residential land, there are three transformation modes, including tourism resources-driven mode, intensive land-use mode and relocation & reclamation mode. In conclusion, under the background of rural revitalization, the transformation of rural residential land function should fully consider the conditions of its core and outer systems, according to the village endowment, and choose the suitable transformation modes.