基于非同质DEA的稻虾共作土地经营模式成本效率分析

研究目的:探究实践中稻田综合种养这一土地经营模式相对于传统的水稻单作是否是成本有效的,以及哪些因素妨碍了这一土地经营模式效果的进一步提升.研究方法:利用湖北省荆州市和潜江市2018年稻虾共作这一稻田综合种养典型模式的农户调研数据,采用非同质决策单元的效率测算方法和效率损失模型,在计算农户亩均成本收益的基础上,分析稻虾共作和水稻单作模式下农户的成本效率.研究结果:(1)稻虾共作户的成本效率(0.376)略高于水稻单作户(0.336),但二者都处于较低水平;(2)农户成本效率与土地经营规模呈"倒U型"关系,土地细碎化、人力资本和社会资本的不足、合作社流于形式是引起农户效率损失的重要原因.研究结论:稻虾共作的土地经营模式能够保证水稻产量,但增效作用有限.通过适度扩大土地经营规模、提高农户的人力资本和社会资本等来消除效率损失,可大幅(60%以上)降低单位生产成本,助力农户提质增效.

Cost-Efficiency Analysis of Rice-Crayfish Integrated Land Operation Mode Based on Non-homogeneous DEA

The purpose of this paper is to analyze in practice whether rice-crayfish integrated land operation mode is cost-efficient compared with the traditional rice monoculture mode and what factors hinder the further improvement of the effect of this mode. Based on the survey data of farmers of rice-crayfish integrated land operation mode in Jingzhou and Qianjiang in Hubei Province in 2018, we use the efficiency estimation method of non-homogeneous decision-making unit and the efficiency loss model to calculate the average cost-benefit per mu and then analyze the cost-efficiency of rice-crayfish integrated land operation mode and rice monoculture mode. The results show that: 1)cost-efficiency of rice-crayfish integrated land operation mode (0.376) is slightly higher than that of rice-monoculture mode (0.336), but both of them are at a lower level; 2)the cost-efficiency and land scale show an inverted U-shaped relationship. Land fragmentation, the shortage of human capital and social capital and the ineffective cooperatives are important reasons for the efficiency loss. In conclusion, the rice-crayfish integrated land operation mode could ensure rice yield, but its synergistic effect was limited. Through properly expanding the scale of land operation, improving the human capital and social capital of farmers to eliminate efficiency loss, the unit production costs can be significantly reduced (more than 60%) to help farmers improve quality and efficiency.