中国农村宅基地闲置程度及其成因研究

研究目的：基于全国典型村庄调研，分析不同地区农村宅基地闲置程度和成因，为农村宅基地集约利用和乡村振兴提供建议。研究方法：实地调研法、对比分析法。研究结果：（1）调研村庄宅基地闲置现象普遍，2018年闲置程度平均为10.7%。（2）各地村庄宅基地闲置程度差异明显。分区域看，东部村庄宅基地闲置程度最高，中部村庄最低；分城乡区位看，村庄离城市距离越远，宅基地闲置程度越高；分地形看，平原村庄宅基地闲置程度最高；分是否为贫困村庄看，村庄宅基地闲置程度随村庄贫困程度的加深而升高。（3）宅基地闲置是乡村人口结构变化与宅基地利用失衡的结果。长期外出务工、城镇有住房、“一户多宅”、宅基地损毁引起宅基地闲置的成因占比依次下降。（4）农村宅基地闲置受乡村地域内外宏微观因素综合影响，经济增长和城镇化引起的就业非农化、人口市民化是宅基地闲置的直接动因，现行城乡二元制度和宅基地管理制度是宅基地闲置的根本原因。研究结论：盘活利用农村闲置宅基地，需要因地制宜推动闲置宅基地整治利用、健全宅基地有偿使用和退出机制、创新城乡制度加快农业转移人口市民化。

The Research on Idleness of Rural Housing Land and It's Causes in China

Based on the survey of typical villages across the country, the purposes of this paper are to analyze the idleness of rural residential land and its causes in different regions, and to provide suggestions for the intensive use of existing rural residential land and rural revitalization. The research methods include village survey method and comparative analysis method. The results show that: 1)the problem of idleness of rural residential land in the surveyed villages has become increasingly common, with an average degree of idleness of 10.7% in 2018. 2)There are significant differences of idleness of rural residential land between various villages. The degree of idleness of rural residential land is the highest in the eastern area, while the lowest in the central area. The farther the village is from the city, the higher the idleness of rural residential land is. The villages in the plain areas have the highest degree of idleness of rural residential land. The idleness of rural residential land increases with the deepening of the village poverty. 3)The idleness of rural residential land is the result of imbalance between demographic change in rural areas and the use of rural residential land. The proportion of idle rural residential land caused by the long-term immigrant work of family members, settlement in cities, multiple houses in one household, and damaged houses decreased in turn. 4)The idleness of rural residential land is affected by the macro and micro factors inside and outside the rural area. The off-farm employment and the citizenization of rural migrant population caused by economic growth and urbanization are the direct reasons for the idleness of rural residential land. Meanwhile, the current urban-rural dual system and rural residential land system are the root causes of the idleness of rural residential land. In conclusion, to revitalize the idle rural residential land, it is necessary to promote the consolidation of idle rural residential land according to local conditions, improve the mechanism of paid use and withdrawal of rural residential land, and innovate the urban-rural system to accelerate the citizenization of rural migrant population.