基于随机前沿分析的中国城市土地利用效率时空分异研究

研究目的:测度并探索城市土地利用效率的时空分异,促进城市土地集约高效利用。研究方法:"一步法"随机前沿生产函数模型、核密度估计、空间自相关分析。研究结果:2009—2016年中国城市土地利用效率整体提升,但仍处于中低水平;城市土地利用效率在空间上由东向西递减,效率越低的区域其内部不均衡性越明显;城市土地利用效率空间集聚态势显著,集聚程度趋于加强;高效率均质区域集中于东部地区,并出现向中西部延伸的趋势,低—高关联类型主要分布在东、中部交界地区,高—低关联类型在空间上表现为沿交通干线的带状分布,低效率均质区域集中在中西部地区。研究结论:应注重土地利用投入产出的技术效率,通过投入要素优化和技术能力提升实现城市土地利用的报酬递增,同时要制定区域差别化的效率提升策略。

Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Urban Land-Use Efficiency in China Based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis

The purposes of this study are to measure and explore the spatial and temporal differentiation of urban land-use efficiency, and to promote the intensification of urban land and coordination of regional development. The methods of one-stage stochastic frontier production function, kernel density estimation and spatial correlation analysis were employed. The results show that urban land-use efficiency in China has been improved generally from 2009 to 2016. But the land use efficiency is still at a relatively low level. Urban land-use efficiency decreases from east to west in space. The lower the land use efficiency is, the greater the intra-regional difference is. The land use efficiency of different cities shows a significantly positive spatial correlation, and the degree of agglomeration continues to strengthen. The high-high correlation types are concentrated in the eastern region with a tendency to extend to the central and western regions. The low-high correlation types are mainly distributed in the boundary areas between the eastern and central regions. The high-low types present strip distribution along the traffic trunks. The low-low correlation types are distributed in the western region. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to the input-output efficiency of urban land use. The increasing returns to scale of urban land use can be realized through the optimization of production factors and the reinforcement of technological capabilities. In addition, regional differentiated strategies for the improvement of urban land-use efficiency should be development.