基于3S的平朔矿区土地利用及景观格局演变研究

研究目的:以2001年、2004年和2009年3个时段的TM遥感影像为主要数据源,采用景观格局指数分析平朔矿区土地利用和景观格局演变的特征,为矿区土地管理、生态重建建设提供必要的科学依据。研究方法:文献分析法,实证分析法。研究结果:矿区范围内林地、草地、建设用地、矿坑采掘区、矿坑边坡、排土场、矿坑剥离区面积增加,耕地、水域、未利用地面积减少;由于受人为因素的干扰,各类型的景观格局有不同程度的变化,整体景观破碎程度增加,景观多样性增加,形状越来越不规则,各斑块类型在景观中呈现均衡化和多样化方向发展。研究结论:在立足长远目的的基础上,土地复垦措施为矿区的生态重建奠定了重要基础,有效地指引了矿区的可持续规划,但是生态重建的社会、经济、生态环境等的多元性决定了矿区土地复垦内容和标准应随其不断调整优化。

Change of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Pingshuo Open Coal Mines Based on the 3S Technology

The purpose of this paper is to study characteristics of the change of land use and landscape pattern to provide the necessary scientific basis for the management of land resource and ecological reconstruction in Pingshuo Open Coal Mines.Method of 3S technology combined with landscape ecology analysis is employed based on the TM images respectively obtained in 2001,2004,and 2009.The result shows that the areas of forestland,grassland,construction land,and mining industrial land increased,but the area of farmland,water and unused land decreased continually.All kinds of landscape changed in different degree.The fragmentation degree and diversity of the overall landscape increased,and the shape was more irregular under human disturbance,indicating that the developmental trend of different patches was equalized and diverse.It is concluded that land reclamation has laid an important foundation for the sustainable planning of Pingshuo Open Coal Mines in the long term.The diversity of ecological rehabilitation determines the contents and standards of land reclamation with the development of the mine.