支农财政、技术进步偏向的农田利用碳排放效应研究

研究目的:识别农田利用方式转型期支农财政、农业技术进步偏向及其交互作用对农田利用碳排放的影响及其区域差异,评价支农财政和农业技术进步的环境效率,提出减排政策建议。研究方法:构建农田利用碳排放强度指标,通过估计核密度函数揭示其区域分布,基于加入交互项的固定效应模型实证检验核心变量对农田利用碳排放强度的影响效果。研究结果:单位播种面积农田利用碳排放均值逐年增加,区域差异扩大;单位产值农田利用碳排放均值逐年减小,区域差异缩小;支农财政倾向于提高农田利用碳排放强度,效果与种植结构相关;与资源禀赋耦合的农业技术进步偏向具有减排效应,并有利于降低支农财政的促排效果,该交互作用亦与种植结构相关。研究结论:支农财政政策应关注由其产生的环境压力,通过提高生产要素利用效率、推动与资源禀赋相耦合的农业技术进步等途径促进农田利用碳减排,充分考虑农作物种植结构的区域差异,提高政策的精准性。

Effect of Fiscal Support to Agriculture and Technical-biased Progress on Carbon Emission from Farmland Use

The purpose of the paper is to identify the impacts of fiscal support of agriculture and bias of technical progress and their interaction on carbon emission from farmland use and their regional differences during the transition of farmland use, to evaluate the environmental efficiency of agricultural finance, and to put forward policy recommendations for reducing carbon emission. This paper constructs the index of carbon emission intensity, reveals its regional distribution by using the nuclear density function, and empirically tests the effect of core independent variables on the intensity of carbon emission from farmland use. The results show that the carbon emission per unit agricultural input is increasing year by year, the regional difference of which is enlarging. The carbon emission per unit agricultural output is decreasing year by year, the regional difference of which is narrowing. Fiscal support to agriculture tends to raise the intensity of carbon emission from farmland use and the effect is related with the planting structure. Technical progress coupled with agricultural resource endowment has emission reduction effect, which is also conducive to reducing the emission promotion effect of agricultural finance associated with the planting structure. In conclusion, fiscal support policies of agriculture should pay more attention to the induced environmental pressures, should reduce carbon emission through improving the utilization efficiency of productive factors and promoting technical progress coupled with agricultural resource endowment, and should fully consider regional differences in planting structure to improve policy accuracy.