资源环境承载力评价与国土空间规划的逻辑问题

研究目的:面向国土空间规划,探讨资源环境承载力的理论内涵,揭示资源环境承载力评价模式与国土空间规划的逻辑问题。研究方法:理论分析法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)资源环境承载力可以由自然系统的承载力、来自人类社会经济活动的压力以及由于管理及技术进步所产生的润滑力3个力构成;(2)资源环境承载力内涵可以解构为资源的承载功能、环境要素的容纳功能以及生态要素的服务功能3个层次;(3)国土空间规划的主要目标是优化空间开发与保护的关系,对资源环境承载力评价的核心需求是摸清资源环境本底条件、科学评判当前承载压力的大小等;(4)面向国土空间规划,资源环境承载力评价存在4个方面的逻辑问题:资源环境承载压力、能力与潜力之间的逻辑不清,生态要素承载力判断的逻辑缺乏,"木桶原理"复合思路与适宜性评价的逻辑矛盾,面向过去原则与面向未来预警之间的逻辑问题。研究结论:资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划的基础,只有明确评价对象,厘清评价中的逻辑问题,同时满足评价方案的科学性与实用性,才能为国土空间规划提供有效的决策支撑。

Logical Problems on the Evaluation of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity for Territorial Spatial Planning

The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical connotation of resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) for territorial planning, and to reveal the logical problems between them. The research methods include theoretical analysis and inductive deduction. The result shows that the RECC can be composed of three forces: the bearing capacity of natural systems, the pressure from human socioeconomic activities and the lubrication due to management and technological progress. The connotation of RECC can be hierarchically divided into carrying function of resources, accommodating function of environmental elements and service function of ecological elements. In order to achieve the main objective of territorial planning that coordinate the relationship between space development and protection, the core requirement of RECC evaluation is to find out the background conditions of resources and environment and assess the carrying capacity status. Finally, this paper proposes four logical problems, including the fuzzy relationship between carrying pressure, capability and potential of resources and environment, the lack of logical judgment on carrying capacity of ecological elements, the logic contradiction between the composite method of“ barrel principle” and suitability evaluation, the logical fallacy of early warning for future conditions from the past trends. In conclusion, the evaluation of RECC is the basis of territorial spatial planning. Through deciding the evaluation objects, clarifying the logical problems, and satisfying the scientific and practical nature of the evaluation scheme, we can provide effective decision support to territorial spatial planning.