宅基地“三权分置”的逻辑起点、政策要义及入法路径

研究目的:厘清宅基地"三权分置"改革的逻辑起点及政策要义,并探索其入法路径。研究方法:文义解释、结构解释和原意解释。研究结果:宅基地"三权分置"改革的新思路是针对"两权分离"架构下宅基地改革无法破解宅基地使用权的身份性"架空"其物权性这一突出问题提出的,它以既要坚持宅基地制度的农村住房保障功能,又要让宅基地活起来为改革目标,以打破现行宅基地使用权既是身份性居住保障权又是物权性财产权"两权复合"的结构为改革突破口,以宅基地资格权独立成权并承载农民居住保障功能、现行宅基地使用权转型纯化为典型用益物权并承载资产功能为主要改革内容。研究结论:宅基地"三权分置"入法,首先应在《民法总则》列举的民事权利类型这个坐标系中对宅基地"三权"分别进行定性,确定其各自所归属的权利类型,在此基础上,将宅基地"三权分置"的制度创新成果联接融入相应的民事权利制度体系中。

The Policy Implication of Tripartite Entitlement System of Rural Residential Land and Its Path to the Legal System

The purpose of this paper is to define the policy implication of tripartite entitlement system of rural residential land,and to explore its path to the legal system.The methods employed are content interpretation,structural interpretation and interpretation of originalism.The results indicate that the new thoughts on tripartite entitlement system of rural residential land were put forward under the guidance of the prominent problem that the pilot reform of rural residential land under the framework of' Separation of Ownership and Use Right' failed to solve the issue that the identity value of rural residential land use right empties its property value.It obeys the policy goal of sticking to rural residential security function of rural residential land,making land use more efficient.Taking the breaking of the composite structure of current rural residential land use right,that is,the identity right of residential security combined with the property right as a breakthrough,the goal is to realize the independence of qualification right of rural residential land,to take the qualification right of farmers as the guarantee of residential security,and to transform and purify rural residential land use right into a typical usufructuary right to work as asset function.It is concluded that,to integrate tripartite entitlement system of rural residential land into legal system,first of all,the" three rights" should be defined respectively within the scope of civil rights enumerated in" General Provisions of Civil Law" to identity the categories of the rights.On this basis, the innovation results of tripartite entitlement system of rural residential land should be integrated into the civil rights system.