中国村镇耕地污染现状、原因及对策分析

研究目的：分析中国村镇耕地污染现状及其原因,提出村镇污染耕地的整治建议。研究方法：数据统计法，比较分析法。研究结果：中国目前约有1000万hm2耕地受“三废”危害，其中遭受大工业“三废”污染的耕地达400万hm2，污水灌溉耕地216万hm2，受乡镇企业污染的耕地187万hm2。村镇耕地污染的主要来源包括金属采矿与冶炼、养殖业废弃物、化肥/农药/市政污泥以及电子废物等。研究结论：耕地污染已经成为耕地质量恶化的首要因素，直接威胁群众健康。应将村镇污染耕地整治摆在耕地保护的首要位置；从土地利用调控角度进行耕地污染的长效防治；并严格实行源头控制土地污染，加强污染耕地的综合整治；同时，与其他部门协调建立综合决策机制，加强土地污染防治专项立法。

Cultivated Land Pollution at Township Level in China: Situation, Factors and Measures

The purposes of this paper are to summarize the cultivated land pollution at township level and analyze its affecting factors, and provide suggestions for remediation of the contaminated land. Statistical analysis and comparative analysis were used in this paper. The results showed that there were about 10 million hectares of arable land polluted by three sources of wastes, i.e. 4 million hectares affected by industrial wastes, 2.16 million hectares affected by wastewater irrigation, and 1.87 million hectares affected by township enterprises. The major sources of pollution are metal mining and smelting, aquaculture waste, fertilizers and pesticides usage, urban sludge, and electronic waste. The conclusion of this paper was that land pollution had become the primary factor in the deterioration of land quality, which was a direct threat of public health. As a result, several measures should be implemented, for example, contaminated land remediation should be placed in the first place of farmland protection, prevent farmland pollution through land use macro-regulation, control land pollution at the initial stages, establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism with other departments, and strength the legislation of land pollution prevention.