中国区域生态用地分类的研究进展

研究目的:总结和梳理中国区域生态用地分类的相关研究文献,分析中国区域生态用地分类的特点,提出中国区域生态用地的分类体系,为中国区域生态用地的利用和管理提供科学依据。研究方法:文献资料法、归纳分析法和比较分析法。研究结果:当前中国对生态用地的内涵缺乏统一的界定,现有的土地利用分类体系对土地的生态属性考虑不足,导致生态用地分类缺乏统一的标准以及生态用地难以得到有效保护。研究结论:(1)应从"泛生态功能论"的视角来界定区域生态用地的内涵,将耕地等以生产功能为主,同时具有较为重要的生态功能的土地纳入生态用地范畴,但应排除建设用地范围内的绿化用地;(2)基础性生态用地是维护区域生态环境安全最重要的自然本底,为了加强对基础性生态用地保护和管理的针对性,在分类体系中应突出基础性生态用地;(3)区域生态用地可采用三级分类,一级类可分为基础性生态用地、保全性生态用地和辅助性生态用地三大类;(4)为有利于对现有土地利用现状调查数据的应用,建议生态用地分类体系中三级分类的名称设置和内涵尽量与现行的《土地利用现状分类》国家标准相衔接。

Research Progress on Regional Ecological Land Classification in China

Ecological land has important ecosystem services function and is the natural foundation of regional sustainable development. At present, there are various meanings regarding ecological land in China and the ecological attributes of land were overlooked in current land use classification system, which leads to the absence of unified standard of ecological land classification as well as the difficulties in protecting the ecological land. So, based on the literature review of relevant ecological land studies, this paper proposes a classification system of regional ecological land in China. From the perspective of comprehensive ecological functions, this paper defines the concept of regional ecological land and suggests the ecological land should entail land types which take production as the main function and also has important ecological function. Fundamental ecological land is the most important natural background to maintain regional ecological environment security. In order to strengthen protection and management of the fundamental ecological land, fundamental ecological land should be highlighted in the land classification system. This paper suggests regional ecological land should be classified as three-level classification and the first level ecological land type includes fundamental ecological land, preserved ecological land and supporting ecological land. This paper also suggests the third level ecological land type should be interlinked with current land use classification to be in favor of the data application of existing land use status quo investigation.