东北虎豹国家公园建设周边居民参与意愿分析

基于东北虎豹国家公园周边269份居民调查样本数据,采用二元Logistic模型对居民参与公园建设的主观意愿及其影响因素进行实证研究。结果表明:参与意愿方面,88%的居民支持和参与公园建设、野生动物保护管理等工作的主观意愿十分强烈;公园建设的基本认知方面,认为禁止保护区内人畜活动、禁止野生动物狩猎、坚持人与野生动物和谐平等相处的居民分别占到64%、89%和93%,但也有超过52%的居民认为东北虎豹国家公园建立一定程度上会对社区经济发展及自身生产生活状况带来不利影响;参与意愿影响因素方面,单位性质、养老保障、野生动物保护态度、就医条件、文化水平5类因素对居民参与意愿具有显著影响,其中,林业局职工较其他居民的参与意愿更强烈,文化水平越高、具有更完善的养老和就医保障、野生动物保护态度更坚决,则相应地理解、支持和参与东北虎豹国家公园建设的主观意愿也更为强烈。结合东北虎豹国家公园所在地及周边地区的实际情况,提出相关单位应加快实施构建和完善地区社会医疗和养老保障体系、进一步加大国家公园建设的宣传教育工作、提高林业职工参与国家公园建设力度、建立资金、法规和组织保障体系等有益于东北虎豹国家公园建设实践等措施。

Analysis of Residents' Participation Willingness of the Construction of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park

⑴ Background——Chinese government issued"Overall Plan for Establishing a National Park System"in September 2017,and the national park system has gradually entered the development stage from pilot construction to formal establishment since then.The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is an important national park established in recent years in China,and it aims at restoring the ecological environment of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard habitat effectively and promoting the harmonious development of the human and the nature.⑵ Methods——Based on the sample data of 269 residents surveyed around the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park,this paper used the binary logistic model to empirically study the subjective willingness of residents to support and participate in the National Park construction,and also to calculate and analyze the influencing factors of the subjective willingness.⑶ Results——In terms of willingness to participate,88% of residents have strong subjective willingness to support and participate in the National Park construction and the wildlife conservation management,etc.In terms of the basic understanding of the National Park construction,it is considered that prohibiting human and animal activities in protected areas,prohibiting wildlife hunting,and adhering to the harmonious and equal living of human and wildlife account for 64%,88.9% and 92.9% respectively,but there are more than 52.1% of the residents believed that the establishment of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park would adversely affect the economic development of the community and its production and living conditions.It shows that although the surrounding residents generally have a high level of awareness of wildlife protection,the negative impacts of this process are also clearly understood.In terms of the factors affecting the willingness to participate,these five factors have significant influences on the willingness,including the nature of the unit,the old-age security,the attitude of wildlife protection and the conditions for medical treatment.Among them,the employees of the Forestry Bureau have a stronger willingness to participate than the other residents.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First,more than 88% of the residents are willing to participate in the construction of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.Second,52.1% of the residents believe that the establishment of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park may adversely affect the economic development of the community.This is a concern that residents may have adversely changed their production and living conditions during the construction of the park.Third,the nature of the unit is the most significant factor affecting the residents' willingness to support and participate in the construction of the park.Fourth,in addition to the nature of the unit,cultural levels,old-age security,medical conditions and wildlife protection attitudes also have a significant impact on residents' willingness.It proposes some suggestions for the construction of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park,including to build and improve the regional social medical and old-age security system,to increase the publicity and education work of national park construction further,to improve the participation of forestry workers in the construction of the National Park,and to establish funds,regulations and organizational guarantee systems.