中国油茶生产区域优势变化研究

利用2010—2016年的数据,选取油茶生产规模指数、油茶生产规模优势指数、油茶生产效率优势指数、油茶生产综合优势指数对中国15个油茶生产区域进行比较优势分析。结果表明:2010—2016年,中国油茶生产呈现出"中减""西扩"的特征;中国15个油茶生产区域规模优势总体呈上升趋势、效率优势呈现较大波动、综合优势总体呈"U"型变动。根据油茶种植区域的规模优势和效率优势情况,将15个油茶生产省区划分为"双低省份""规模优势省份""效率优势省份""双高省份"4个类型,并提出相应的增产措施。

Research on Regional Advantage Changes of Camellia oleifera Abel Production in China

(1)Background——In order to maintain national grain and oil security,China has introduced a series of policies and measures to promote the development of the Camellia oleifera Abel industry. Compared with 2010,the production of Camellia oleifera Abel changed greatly.(2)Methods——Based on the relevant data of 15 Camellia oleifera Abel production provinces and regions in China from 2010 to 2016,the production scale index,scale advantage index,efficiency advantage index and comprehensive advantage index were selected to analyze the regional advantage change of Camellia oleifera Abel in China.(3) Results——The total planting area and total production of Camellia oleifera Abel in China increased greatly. The changes of each Camellia oleifera Abel production area has obvious differences. The production area of Camellia oleifera Abel in China showed a trend of "middle reduction"and "west expansion". The regional scale advantage of Camellia oleifera Abel production showed an obvious upward trend. Guangxi,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hunan and Zhejiang have strong scale advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production,while Hubei,Anhui,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Hainan,Henan and Jiangsu have never had the scale advantage of Camellia oleifera Abel production. The regional efficiency advantage of Camellia oleifera Abel production fluctuated greatly in different provinces,and the rankings of production efficiency advantage in some provinces changed significantly.The regional comprehensive advantage of Camellia oleifera Abel production generally showed a u-shaped change.Fujian,Jiangxi,Guangxi and Hunan have strong comprehensive advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production.Jiangsu,Henan,Hainan and Sichuan do not have comprehensive advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production and are much lower than other provinces. Provinces with the scale advantage,efficiency advantage and comprehensive advantage are Jiangxi,Fujian,Hunan,Zhejiang,Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. Provinces without the scale advantage, efficiency advantage and comprehensive advantage are Jiangsu, Henan,Hainan and Sichuan provinces. Yunnan only have the scale advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production. Anhui,Hubei and Shaanxi only have the efficiency advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production. Guizhou only have the comprehensive advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——Each province should adopt a corresponding development strategy according to their respective regional advantages of Camellia oleifera Abel production. Provinces that do not have production efficiency advantage and scale advantage in Camellia oleifera Abel production most are limited by natural conditions and do not have an advantageous environment for Camellia oleifera Abel production. There are also provinces that are relatively backward in development due to the lack of attention paid to Camellia oleifera Abel planting in the early stage,such as Hainan. Provinces lacking scale advantage,such as Anhui,Hubei,Guizhou and Shaanxi,should reasonably plan the distribution of Camellia oleifera Abel production and improve the financial support,so as to expand the scale of oil tea. For Yunnan province which lacks efficiency advantage,we should optimize the variety structure of oil tea,increase investment in science and technology,enhance the yield level of Camellia oleifera Abel per unit area,so as to improve the overall production efficiency of oil tea. Provinces with advanced Camellia oleifera Abel production should innovate the development mode of Camellia oleifera Abel industry,reduce production cost,increase the utilization rate of the residue of Camellia oleifera Abel processing and actively cultivate leading enterprises,so as to open the Camellia oleifera Abel market.