贫困山区农户茶叶生产技术效率及影响因素研究

基于湖北省382份茶叶种植户调研数据,采用随机前沿生产函数模型“一步估计”法分析贫困山区农户茶叶生产技术效率和影响因素。研究结果表明:样本户茶叶种植存在较大改进空间;样本户资本和劳动力投入剩余;茶园的海拔、树龄、茶农是否加入合作社、种植面积、户主是否受过种茶培训等因素对农户茶叶生产技术效率有重要影响。因此,提出紧抓乡村振兴战略机遇,推动贫困山区茶产业高质量发展;建立茶产业“三项补贴”,改善茶园基础设施条件;优化茶叶种植布局,提高合作社服务水平;成立茶产业发展基金,加快培育职业茶农,以提高贫困山区农户茶叶生产技术效率。

Study on the Technical Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Tea Production in Poor Mountainous Areas

⑴ Background——Qinba Mountains,Wuling Mountains,Wumeng Mountains,Western Yunnan Mountains have suitable ecological environment for tea growth.They are the main Tea-producing areas in China.With the promotion of Precision Poverty Alleviation Strategy,tea industry has become one of the important industries for farmers in poor mountainous areas to achieve a well-off life. However,there is a significant gap in tea output value between poor mountainous areas and developed areas,which is due to the "production technology efficiency gap" in tea production of farmers.Therefore,improving the technical efficiency of tea production of farmers in poor mountainous areas is helpful to boost the income of tea farmers and promote the long-term development of tea industry.⑵ Methods——The data were collected by the research team from July 2018 to August 2018 in the Tea-producing area of Hubei Province.Enshi City in Wuling Mountains Area,Chibi City in Mufu Mountains Area,Zhushan County in Qinba Mountains Area and Yingshan County in Dabie Mountains Area were seleceted as research areas.The research team randomly selected 4 tea-planting Villages in each county and selected 25 tea-planting households in each village.After the survey was completed,questionnaires were tested.A total of 18 invalid questionnaires were eliminated,and 382 valid questionnaires were obtained. The effective rate was 95.5%.By using the "one-step estimation" method of the stochastic frontier production function,the paper takes the form of transcendental logarithmic production function to analyze the technical efficiency and influencing factors of tea production.⑶ Results——The average age of household heads in the survey area is 59 years,and the average years of education are 7 years.The level of human capital of tea farmers is generally low.The average area of tea gardens was 0.29 hm~2, and the average output value is 140,400 yuan/hm~2.There are 40% of tea gardens distributed in low-altitude areas,and 64% of tea gardens reached more than 5 years.The average technical efficiency of farmers is 0.70.The minimum value is 0.11,and the maximum value is 0.99.The distribution density of technical efficiency shows double peak characteristics,and the technical efficiency of farmers with different production characteristics is significantly different.The average capital output elasticity of farmers is-0.01,and the average labor output elasticity is-0.19.Capital and labor input both have redundancy.Factors such as tea tree age,whether tea farmers join cooperatives,family size,per capita disposable income of families have a significant positive impact on tea technical efficiency.Factors such as the elevation of tea garden,tea planting area,etc. have a significant negative effect.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The technical efficiency of farmers in the survey areas is generally low,and there are surpluses in the input factors of tea planting production.Therefore,first,the government should pay attention to the strategic opportunities for rural revitalization and promote the high-quality development of tea industry in poor mountainous areas.Second,the government should establish "three subsidies" to improve the infrastructure conditions of tea gardens.Third,the government should reduce tea plantation area at low altitudes,expand the tea plantation area at high altitudes,optimize the layout of tea cultivation and improve the service level of cooperatives.Fourth,the government should establish a tea industry development fund and actively cultivate professional tea farmers.