国有林区生态生产总值GEP核算及生态贡献度研究

基于伊春市国有林区共计16个国有林业局在2017年度的年鉴统计数据及黑龙江省森林工业综合统计资料汇编中的相关数据,运用GEP生态生产总值的核算方法,研究了国有林区生态生产总值的核算方法以及生态贡献度问题。结果表明:由于国家采伐机制的限制,国有林区林业产品的生态价值难以转化为商业价值,但国有林区生态服务价值贡献度明显,生态文化服务的价值值得进一步开发。最后,提出应当转变核算思维、拓展核算思路;国有林区政府应当完善核算主体并健全核算体系;提高GEP的生态总值核算实务水平等建议。

Study on GEP and Ecological Contribution in State-owned Forest Areas

⑴ Background——In terms of the reasons for the topic selection,the relevant national policies and ecological environmental protection advocacy are not only covered,but also economic and social development in China.According to the direct basis,in August 2005,during President Xi Jinping's visit to Anji,Huzhou,Zhejiang,he proposed that "green hills and blue waters are golden and silver mountains",which proves the importance of resources and environmentsin the comprehensive development of China's society.However,China's ecological environment is deteriorated day by day,which causes a negative impact on the sustainable development of China'seconomy and society.⑵ Methods——In this paper,the gross ecological production accounting method based on GEP is used to account the gross ecological production andecological contributionof state-owned forest areas represented by Yichun city.By calculating the overall contribution of ecosystem products,ecological adjustment servicesand ecological culture services,by refining the indexes contained in the dimensions of ecosystem products,ecological adjustment services and ecological culture services,a set of grossecological product accounting method suitable for state-owned forest areas is constructed.⑶ Results——In actual research,the gross ecological product of the state-owned forest areas is divided into 14 second-level indicators and 36 third-level indicators,thus the measurement factors and the measurement basis of Yichun state-owned forest ecology GDPcan beinterpreted from specificaspects,and those affecting factors and researching indexes which have no direct statistical data,combined with measurement methodsin existing literature,then determine the specific measurement method for it,finally calculates the gross ecological product of state-owned forest areas in Yichun.Specifically,the contribution of three measurement categories to GEP is uneven:The contribution of ecosystem products to GEP is the highest,the overall contribution is 20.823 08 billion yuan,accounting for 56% of the GEP accounting results;the contribution of ecological regulation service to GEP is 12.152 93 billion yuan,accounting for 33%.The GEP accounting value of ecological cultural services is 4.166 23 billion yuan,accounting for 11%.At the same time,there is a significant difference between the accounting results of GDP and GEP.The accounting result of GEP is 37.142 24 billion yuan,while the accounting result of GDP is only 26.642 43 billion yuan.The accounting result of GEP is 10.498 1 billion yuan more than that of GDP.The internal imbalance presents the feature of a state-owned forest area.The contribution of main forest products and related products to gross ecological productare not only reflected in the comprehensive social benefits of the city,but also reflected in the achievements that can be converted into economic value.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Combined with the above results,we can conclude the following aspects.Firstly,the development strategy of the state-owned forest areasshould be thoroughly changed to emphasize the ecological environmental protection of state-owned forest areas.Secondly,the accounting strategy and system ofthe state-owned forest areas need to be perfected to replace the centralizedgross ecological product accounting methodsby scientific accounting strategy of grossecologicalproduct.Finally,the practical accounting level of gross ecological product based on GEP of the state-owned forest areas should also be improved.By practicing the above strategies,the protection level of ecological system of state-owned forest areas in Yichun city can be comprehensively improved and the balance of economic and social development of state-owned forest areas can be achieved.