甘肃省家庭林场经营效率比较分析

基于2018年甘肃省集体林改监测课题组实地调查数据,运用DEA模型对4种类型家庭林场的经营效率进行比较分析。结果表明:甘肃省家庭林场经营效率整体偏低,不同类型间存在较大差异,经营效率相对较高的是林下养殖型和多功能型家庭林场;各类型家庭林场投入变量都存在不同程度的冗余;家庭林场的经营效率和经营规模关联度不高,更多受技术因素影响。相对而言,种养结合型家庭林场经营面积在0～6.67 hm~2和20～33.33 hm~2,多功能型经营面积在6.67～10.31 hm~2和24.45～25.80 hm~2,能发挥集约优势或规模优势。因此,提出加强对家庭林场主的技术培训;鼓励有实力的家庭林场进行规模化、集约化发展;鼓励种植型家庭林场等拓展经营内容;打造多种功能经营,打造品牌特色等建议。

Comparative Analysis of Management Efficiency of Family Forestry Farms in Gansu Province

⑴ Background——The Nineteenth National Congress proposed to implement the rural vitalization strategy,develop various modes of moderate scale operation,and cultivate new types of agribusiness.At present,there are many types of family forest farms in Gansu Province.Which type of management is the most effective? What is the effective size range for effective operation? Studying and solving the above issues is of great significance for promoting the development of forestry industrialization.⑵ Methods——Field surveys were conducted on family forest farms in 10 counties(districts) of Gansu Province in August and September 2018.Finally,a total of 239 family forest farms were used as samples to evaluate operating efficiency.Four input indicators and one output were selected to establish the system of input and output indicators for evaluating forestry management.Through the DEA model,the comparative analysis of the operating efficiency of four types of family forest farms has obtained the operating efficiency and factor slack value.⑶ Results——It shows that the overall efficiency of family forest farms in Gansu Province is low.The average efficiency of the four types of family forest farms is 0.528.The average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.652,and the average value of scale efficiency is 0.809.The operating efficiency of different types is quite different.The first two types of relatively efficient operation types are the under-forest aquaculture and multi-functional family forest farms,which are 0.573 and 0.545 respectively.The latter two types of relatively efficient operation types are the planting and planting and breeding combination family forest farms,which are 0.471 and 0.521 respectively.There are different degrees of redundancy in the input variables of various types of family forest farms.Among them,the largest amount of average slack is the input of forest(soil),and the relaxation value is 9.958 hm~2.The smallest amount of slack is mechanical input,and the amount of slack is less than 1 hm~2.The relationship between the operating efficiency and the scale of operation of family forest farms is not high,and it is more affected by pure technical factors.The scale of forest(soil) land investment is not as large as possible.The forest farms with too large scale of operation may have problems of scale and no benefit,low degree of development and utilization of forest resources,and forest farms with small scale of operations can also improve operational efficiency through intensive management.Relatively speaking,the planting and breeding combination family forest farm has an operating area of 0 to 6.67 hm~2 and 20 to 33.33 hm~2 and the multi-functional has an operating of 6.67 to 10.31 hm~2 and 24.45 to 25.80 hm~2,which can play an intensive advantage or a scale advantage.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Most of the family forest farms in Gansu Province are in the initial stage of short establishment but rapid development,and have begun to take shape.The planting and breeding combination family forest farms are relatively effective in small and medium-sized scales,and the multi-functional family forest farms are relatively effective in medium and large scale operation.Therefore,we should strengthen technical training for family forest owners to improve their professional skills.Finally,we should encourage some family forest farms to expand their business content and create a variety of functional operations,and some family forest farms carry out forest product processing and promote the integrated operation.