森林运动旅游的健康效应及其影响因素研究

以衢州市灵鹫山森林运动小镇为例,采用随机抽样的方法对游客进行问卷调查获取相关数据信息,然后运用结构方程分析游客行为感知和森林旅游资源对游客健康效应的影响。结果表明:森林运动体验对身体健康、心理健康和社会健康具有正向促进效应,其中促进身体健康的效应最大、促进心理健康的效应最小;运动项目体验、自然景观资源、生态环境资源和配套设施资源均对健康效应产生正向影响,且运动项目体验的健康促进效应更为综合和显著;对于提升森林运动旅游的健康效应,自然景观资源发挥的作用最理想,其次是运动项目体验和配套设施资源;生态环境资源的正向影响作用与游客的感知评价差异最大。因此,为有效提升森林运动旅游对游客的健康促进效应,森林运动型景区要在持续提升森林运动的项目种类、运动强度和难度适宜性的基础上提高景观资源、森林生态环境、管理人员专业素质和配套设施的质量和水平。

Study on the Health Effect and Influencing Factors of Forest Sports Tourism

(1)Background——Forest sports tourism has the characteristics of landscape appreciation and sports,so it is of great significance to study its health promotion effect.(2) Methods——The structural equation model is applied to explore the relationship between the health effect of forest sports tourism and its influencing factors. Linghuishan Forest Sports Town in Quzhou is taken as the research area,a total of 253 questionnaires were collected in this survey,among which include 237 valid questionnaires.(3) Results——The demographic characteristics of the sample are that a balanced proportion of male and female,a wide range of occupational and economic income backgrounds,a reasonable overall structure,and a good representation. And the reliability and validity are in line with the parameter standards,and the structural equation model fits well.(1)The P-values of sports experience on physical,mental,and social health effects are 0. 003,0. 037,and 0. 001,respectively. It can be seen that sports experience has a significant positive impact on health effects. And sports experience has the most significant positive impact on social health effects. It also plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between supporting facilities resources and physical health effects,and a complete mediating role in the relationship between mental and social health effects.(2)The P-values of natural landscape resources on sports experience and physical,mental,and social health effects are 0. 001,0. 001,0. 047,and 0. 003,respectively. The positive effects on physical health are the most significant. Among the natural landscape resources,meteorological landscape has the greatest influence,meteorological landscape has the highest perception evaluation,and water landscape is the lowest.(3)The P-values of ecoenvironmental resources on sports experience and health effects are 0. 027,0. 004,0. 001,and 0. 001,respectively. And the positive effects on mental health are the most significant. Among the ecological environment resources,the microclimate has the greatest influence,while the tourists' perception of microclimate is the lowest,and the air is clean and fresh.(4)The P-values of supporting facilities resources on sports experience and health effects are 0. 001,0. 001,0. 066,0. 593,respectively. And their positive effects on physical health are the most significant. Among the resource factors of supporting facilities,the safety of forest sports facilities has the greatest influence,the type of forest sports facilities has the highest perception evaluation,and the number of rest facilities is the lowest.(5)The overall effects of the improvement on health effect are ranked from the largest to the smallest: physical health effect(1. 026),social health effect(0. 670),and mental health effect(0. 627). The most important effect on physical health is the enhancement of physical fitness,the highest perception evaluation,and the lowest perception evaluation is the improvement of sensory function. The most significant effect on mental health is to stabilize emotions,the highest perception evaluation is to be happy and improve the interest in sports,and the lowest is to forget worries and to escape from reality. The biggest influence on social health effect is to increase social interaction,while its perception evaluation is the lowest,on the contrary,perception evaluation is the highest to improve interpersonal relationship.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——There are difference between the tourist perception evaluation scale and the structural equation model standardized path coefficients constructed. Regarding the social health effect,the satisfaction degree of "social interaction increase" is lower,while the path coefficient is the largest. Ecological environment resources the "microclimate" of this influencing factor is that the satisfaction is relatively low and the path coefficient is the largest. Therefore,the scenic spot should enhance the comfort of the forest ecological environment to promote the improvement of the health effect of tourists and strengthen the professional quality of management personnel,as well as create social interaction space and enrich the content of sports projects to enhance the effectiveness of social health effects. For the low satisfaction of water landscape and rest facilities,the design and management operators should be reasonably using natural resources under the premise of protecting resources to improve the quality and level of landscapes and facilities.