南方集体林区森林经营联合认证实践应用分析

结合中国南方集体林区林权制度改革后的森林经营现状,对森林经营联合认证在其发展的有利条件、障碍及机遇进行深入分析。结果表明:林权改革发展、林业合作社兴起以及联合认证花费较低、信息技术共享等为南方集体林区发展森林联合认证创造了有利条件;林农森林认证思想薄弱、农村缺乏专业技术人才与资金以及林农分布较为分散等问题在一定程度上阻碍了联合认证的发展。此外,在南方集体林区发展森林联合认证还有一系列的机遇,例如"三农政策""扶贫政策"等国家政策的保障,巨大的林产品出口量推动合作社林产品的认证以及社区林业与林区联合认证理念契合等。因此,针对其障碍,提出开展认证培训、增设认证试点、拓宽资金渠道及明确和统一高保护价值森林定义等相应的改善对策。

Practical Application Analysis about Forest Management Group Certification of Collective Forest Region in South

⑴ Background——Forest certification can help forestry enterprises of the southern collective forest region to expand production,which is conducive to enterprises to obtain higher economic benefits.Forest certification includes independent certification and group certification.Group certification is a combination of relatively independent small forests,which can appropriately reduce forest owners' cost.Since the reform of forest tenure system,the proportion of collective forests in the southern collective forest region is large and scattered.It is mainly managed by grassroots forest farms or contracted by forest farmers.This group is relatively unfamiliar with forest certification for international development.Therefore,according to the southern collective forest region,the development status is more suitable for forest group certification,which minimizes the certification cost of individual forest owners or certification entities,and enhances the enthusiasm of forest owners for certification,thus promoting the development of forest certification in collective forest areas in southern China.⑵ Results——Combined with the status quo of forest management after the forestry reform in the collective forest region in southern China,the paper analyzes the independent certification and group certification of forests,and summarizes the favorable conditions,obstacles and opportunities for the development of group certification in the southern collective forest region.The favorable conditions for its development mainly include: the reform of forest tenure system and the rise of forestry cooperatives respectively provide the institutional basis and organizational guarantee for the development of group certification,and the favorable conditions such as lower group certification costs and information technology sharing can increase the willingness of forest farmers to participate.However,in the development of group certification, there are still problems such as weak forestry certification ideology,lack of professional and technical talents and fund in rural areas,and scattered distribution of forest farmers.This has hindered the development of group certification to some extent.In addition,the development of forest group certification also has the following opportunities.For example,under the support of national policies such as "three rural policies" and "poverty alleviation policies",which encourage rural development of forest group certification.The huge forest products export volume promotes the certification of forest products of cooperatives, and the concept of community forestry and forestry group certification.It can not only promote the development of forest group certification in collective forest region in the south,but also help China explore the forestry construction road with Chinese characteristics.⑶Suggestions——Training for forestry cooperative employees,and raising forest farmers' awareness of forest certification;the government and relevant departments to establish certification pilots,and give certain rewards to objects of carrying out actively certification work and good audit results;broaden the funding channels and reduce the payment fees;relevant associations should formulate consistent definitions and standards for high conservation value forests as early as possible,which will help forest farmers avoid high conservation value forests in forest management processes.