试论产业结构差异对国际贸易格局的影响:日美案例

近二十年来,日本、中国都先后发生了大规模资本输出与商品输出并存的情况,而美国则长期处于资本项目顺差、经常项目逆差的状态中.本文认为,产业结构差异带来的资本回报率差异是形成这一现象的一个重要原因,即美国更为先进的产业结构导致美国可以提供更高的资本回报率,从而可以长期吸引国际资本的流入,支撑其经常项目的逆差.

On the Influence of the Industrial Structure Difference on the International Trade Structure:the Case of US and Japan

During the past two decades,one of the most remarkable phenomena in the world economy is the constant trade deficit and capital inflow of the US and the constant trade surplus and capital outflow of Japan,China,etc.This paper proposes that the differences in return of capital due to the differences in economic structure may be a very important reason for this situation,which means that the more advanced industrial structure in US leads to high return of capital,and buttresses the current deficit in US.