中国商业银行的利差及其影响因素

我国银行业存贷款基准利率由人民银行制定,商业银行在基准利率一定浮动范围内享有定价权,基于我国利率市场化进程中银行存贷款定价的这种特点,本文分别从存贷款利率差和商业银行净利差两个层面对我国银行业利差及其影响因素进行了实证检验.研究发现,无论是对利差具有显著影响的因素,还是这些因素影响利差的方式,都表现出我国银行业的特殊性.在存贷款基准利率差层面,经济增长等因素与利率差在一定程度上呈现出了符合我国国情的相关关系.而在商业银行层面,风险因素没有在利差中得到体现,单纯依靠规模扩张及相伴的规模不经济等问题制约着我国商业银行向国际先进银行的真正转变.

Interest Rate Margins of China's Commercial Banks and Their Affecting Factors

In China, benchmark interest rate of deposit and loans is determined by the People's Bank. Commercial banks have the right to float their rate within the range allowed by the benchmarked rate. Based on this feature, which is characteristic of the rate marketization process in China, this paper makes an empirical study of the rate margin and affecting factors from two perspective of the spread and NIM. Study shows that whether prominent spread-affecting factors or the way they affect the spread, both demonstrate something special only to Chinese banks. At benchmark spread level, economic growth correlates with the spread, which tallies with China's conditions. But for commercial banks, risk factors are not reflected in the spread. Problems like mere dependence on scale expansion and subsequent diseconomy of scale prevent Chinese commercial banks from becoming truly advanced international banks.