商业银行效率及其影响因素实证研究

以我国14家商业银行2000～2009年的面板数据为分析依据,采用随机前沿分析(SFA)方法对商业银行效率进行计量,并从公司治理、市场结构、宏观经济政策、金融业结构和经营能力等方面分析商业银行效率的影响因素。结果表明:市场集中度和银行个体市场份额与银行效率反向变动;投资和货币供给对银行效率影响较大;经济周期、通货膨胀和存贷利差对银行效率影响较小;存款准备金率对银行效率影响最小。可以认为,在当前形势下,存款准备金率的调控作用只是暂时的,无法从根本上抑制货币的流动性;存贷利差对银行效率影响不大。因此,为控制通货膨胀实施不对称加息政策,不会对商业银行系统产生较大影响;从银行经营能力考察,传统的存贷业务已不能独立支持商业银行的进一步发展,应大力提倡金融创新,寻求新的业务增长点。

Empirical Study Commercial Banks and of Efficiency of Its Influencing Factors

Based on the panel data of 14 commercial banks from 2000 to 2009,the method of SFA is applied to analyze the influencing factors of commercial banks’ efficiency from the aspects of corporate governance,market structure,macro-economic policy,financial structure and operating capacity.The result reveals that the changes of banks’ efficiency is inversely proportional to the degree of market centralization and the market share of individual bank.The investment and the currency supplies has the great impact on the bank’s efficiency.While economic cycle,inflation and interest difference of saving and loan have less effect on the efficiency.The deposit reserve rate has the least effect on it.So it is believed that in the current situation the control of deposit reserve rate is temporary,and is unable to suppress the currency circulation.The interest difference of saving and loan has less impact on the efficiency.Therefore,the policy of asymmetry of interest rate,which aims to control the inflation,will not have great impact on commercial bank system.In terms of the operating capacity of banks,traditional deposit and loan business can not be able to support the development of commercial banks independently.It is important to encourage financial innovation and seek the new business growth.